A compound represented by a formula (IIa) is provided. In formula (IIa), Y.sup.1 to Y.sup.8 represent O, S, OC(O), C(O)O or the like, G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 represent a divalent linear aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the like, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or the like, A.sup.x represents a group represented by a formula (II), wherein X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or the like, D represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the like, A.sup.1 represents a trivalent aromatic group or the like, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 represent a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms or the like, A.sup.4 and A.sup.5 represent a divalent aromatic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms or the like, Q.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the like, and m and n are 0 or 1.

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Compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and compositions and methods for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are set forth:

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The invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting CD38 activity, and methods of treating or preventing various disorders associated with CD38 activity.

The invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting CD38 activity, and methods of treating or preventing various disorders associated with CD38 activity.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing an ionic liquid, the method comprising: reacting a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or an amine-based compound with an ammonium salt along with trialkyl orthoformate to acquire an alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or an alkylated nitrogen-containing amine-based compound, wherein the alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or the alkylated nitrogen-containing amine-based compound as a cation of the ionic liquid is ionically bonded to an anion included in the ammonium salt to form the ionic liquid.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing an ionic liquid, the method comprising: reacting a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or an amine-based compound with an ammonium salt along with trialkyl orthoformate to acquire an alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or an alkylated nitrogen-containing amine-based compound, wherein the alkylated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or the alkylated nitrogen-containing amine-based compound as a cation of the ionic liquid is ionically bonded to an anion included in the ammonium salt to form the ionic liquid.

The invention provides compounds having activity as bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitors and antibacterial agents, as well as compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use. Specifically, phenylalanineamide and tyrosinamide compounds are disclosed that have inhibitory activity toward mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase. Use of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of M. tuberculosis infections in a mammal, is disclosed.

The invention provides compounds having activity as bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitors and antibacterial agents, as well as compositions comprising the compounds and methods for their use. Specifically, phenylalanineamide and tyrosinamide compounds are disclosed that have inhibitory activity toward mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA polymerase. Use of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of M. tuberculosis infections in a mammal, is disclosed.

Compounds of Formulas I-VI, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and compositions and methods for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are set forth. Formula I is exemplified below:

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Compounds of Formulas I-VI, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and compositions and methods for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are set forth. Formula I is exemplified below:

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