A process for making propene oxide involves reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of methanol, a titanium zeolite epoxidation catalyst, and nitrogen containing compounds present in an amount of from 100 to 3000 mg/kg of hydrogen peroxide. Non-reacted propene is separated from the reaction mixture; the propene depleted reaction mixture Is continuously distilled in a distillation column providing an overhead product stream containing propene oxide and methanol and a bottoms product stream; and propene oxide is separated from the overhead product stream. An acid is added to the propane depleted reaction mixture and/or to the distillation column at the same level or above the feed point for the propene depleted reaction mixture and/or contacted to the feed to the distillation column to provide an apparent pH in the bottoms product stream of from 3 to 4.5, which reduces the nitrogen content of the separated propene oxide.

A process for making propene oxide involves reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of methanol, a titanium zeolite epoxidation catalyst, and nitrogen containing compounds present in an amount of from 100 to 3000 mg/kg of hydrogen peroxide. Non-reacted propene is separated from the reaction mixture; the propene depleted reaction mixture Is continuously distilled in a distillation column providing an overhead product stream containing propene oxide and methanol and a bottoms product stream; and propene oxide is separated from the overhead product stream. An acid is added to the propane depleted reaction mixture and/or to the distillation column at the same level or above the feed point for the propene depleted reaction mixture and/or contacted to the feed to the distillation column to provide an apparent pH in the bottoms product stream of from 3 to 4.5, which reduces the nitrogen content of the separated propene oxide.

An improved process for the recovery of high-purity ethylene-oxide water feed streams to EO purification and MEG reaction units when both are operating in EO plants that incorporate EO Stripper bypass technology, by installing a second lights stripper to exclusively degasify the diluted EO feed to the MEG reactor, thus permitting the use of additional bypassed (gasified) EO absorbate as the diluent and resulting in a substantial increase in the total amount of EO absorbate that can bypass the EO Stripper.

An improved process for the recovery of high-purity ethylene-oxide water feed streams to EO purification and MEG reaction units when both are operating in EO plants that incorporate EO Stripper bypass technology, by installing a second lights stripper to exclusively degasify the diluted EO feed to the MEG reactor, thus permitting the use of additional bypassed (gasified) EO absorbate as the diluent and resulting in a substantial increase in the total amount of EO absorbate that can bypass the EO Stripper.

An ethylene oxide (EO) production process comprising (a) introducing a first reactant mixture (C.sub.2H.sub.6, C.sub.2H.sub.4, O.sub.2) to a first reactor to produce a first effluent stream (C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2), wherein the mole fraction of ethylene in first effluent stream is greater than in first reactant mixture; wherein the first reactant mixture is characterized by a molar ratio of ethylene to ethane of ≥1.3; (b) introducing the first effluent stream to a second reactor to produce a second effluent stream (EO, C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2); (c) separating the second effluent stream into an EO product stream (EO) and recycle stream (C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2); wherein ethylene is not separated from recycle stream and/or first effluent stream; and (d) recycling at least a portion of recycle stream to the first reactor, and a portion of recycle stream to the second reactor.

An ethylene oxide (EO) production process comprising (a) introducing a first reactant mixture (C.sub.2H.sub.6, C.sub.2H.sub.4, O.sub.2) to a first reactor to produce a first effluent stream (C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2), wherein the mole fraction of ethylene in first effluent stream is greater than in first reactant mixture; wherein the first reactant mixture is characterized by a molar ratio of ethylene to ethane of ≥1.3; (b) introducing the first effluent stream to a second reactor to produce a second effluent stream (EO, C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2); (c) separating the second effluent stream into an EO product stream (EO) and recycle stream (C.sub.2H.sub.4, C.sub.2H.sub.6, O.sub.2); wherein ethylene is not separated from recycle stream and/or first effluent stream; and (d) recycling at least a portion of recycle stream to the first reactor, and a portion of recycle stream to the second reactor.

A transition metal-based heterogeneous carbonylation reaction catalyst has an excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the carbonylation reaction and is easily separated from a product, by crosslinking polymerizing a transition metal-based homogeneous catalyst unit through a Friedel-Craft reaction. The catalyst may be used in a method for preparing lactone. The transition metal-based heterogeneous carbonylation reaction catalyst allows to produce lactone or succinic anhydride with an epoxide compound while showing a high selectivity, and can be applied in industrial very usefully due to easy separation from the product and thus reusing thereof.

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of biological control of Ectropis. oblique and Ectropis grisescens as pests in tea plantations, and in particular to a high efficient sex pheromone lures for E. oblique and E. grisescens. By combinating (3Z,6Z,9Z)-octadecatriene with two different configurations of (3Z,9Z)-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene and (3Z,6Z)-9,10-epoxy-octadecadiene, high efficient sex pheromone lures were obtained. The high efficient sex pheromone lures have significantly improved trapping effect on E. oblique and E. grisescens.

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of biological control of Ectropis. oblique and Ectropis grisescens as pests in tea plantations, and in particular to a high efficient sex pheromone lures for E. oblique and E. grisescens. By combinating (3Z,6Z,9Z)-octadecatriene with two different configurations of (3Z,9Z)-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene and (3Z,6Z)-9,10-epoxy-octadecadiene, high efficient sex pheromone lures were obtained. The high efficient sex pheromone lures have significantly improved trapping effect on E. oblique and E. grisescens.

Methods for the preparation of the following compound are disclosed.

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The compound can be incorporated into pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets and such tablets can be used for treating cholestatic liver diseases.