An organic electroluminescent element using a compound represented by the following general formula (I) emits dark blue light and has small changes in the chromaticity and in the driving voltage even after driving for a long period of time: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.6; Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2; X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.4 are as defined herein.

A tetracarboxylic dianhydride includes: at least one acid dianhydride (A) selected from the group consisting of compounds each having an endo/exo type three-dimensional structure represented by a particular general formula and their enantiomeric compounds each having an exo/endo type three-dimensional structure; and/or an acid dianhydride (B) having an endo/endo type three-dimensional structure represented by a particular general formula, wherein a content of the acid dianhydride (B) in a total amount of the acid dianhydrides (A) and (B) is 30 to 100% by mole in a mole ratio.

A tetracarboxylic dianhydride includes: at least one acid dianhydride (A) selected from the group consisting of compounds each having an endo/exo type three-dimensional structure represented by a particular general formula and their enantiomeric compounds each having an exo/endo type three-dimensional structure; and/or an acid dianhydride (B) having an endo/endo type three-dimensional structure represented by a particular general formula, wherein a content of the acid dianhydride (B) in a total amount of the acid dianhydrides (A) and (B) is 30 to 100% by mole in a mole ratio.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring and controlling electronic devices through the use of wired and wireless protocols. The systems and apparatuses may monitor their environment for signals from electronic devices. They may then take and disambiguate the signals that are received from the devices in their environment in order to identify said devices and associate control signals with them. The systems and apparatuses may then use communication means to send control signals to the identified electronic devices. Input and output transmission means for the systems and apparatuses may include, but are not limited to, powerline communication, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN. Signal processing and device identification may be done onboard the device, or may be done at a remote location. Multiple apparatuses or systems may be connected together into networks, including mesh networks, in order to make for a more robust architecture.

The present disclosure provides an azulene ring-containing compound, its use, and an organic photoelectric device including the same. The azulene ring-containing compound is a compound comprising a structure of Formula I. The organic photoelectric device includes an anode, a cathode, and one or more organic thin film layers located between the anode and the cathode; and at least one of the organic thin film layers contains the above-mentioned azulene ring-containing compound comprising the structure of Formula I. The azulene ring-containing compound provided by the present disclosure has an energy level difference ΔEst≤0.3 eV between the lowest singlet state S.sub.1 and the lowest triplet state T.sub.1, and has a light-emitting mechanism of a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, and can be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material for organic photoelectric device, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the device is improved.

The present disclosure provides an azulene ring-containing compound, its use, and an organic photoelectric device including the same. The azulene ring-containing compound is a compound comprising a structure of Formula I. The organic photoelectric device includes an anode, a cathode, and one or more organic thin film layers located between the anode and the cathode; and at least one of the organic thin film layers contains the above-mentioned azulene ring-containing compound comprising the structure of Formula I. The azulene ring-containing compound provided by the present disclosure has an energy level difference ΔEst≤0.3 eV between the lowest singlet state S.sub.1 and the lowest triplet state T.sub.1, and has a light-emitting mechanism of a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, and can be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material for organic photoelectric device, so that the light-emitting efficiency of the device is improved.

Provided herein are methods of making the compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
and certain intermediates involved in such process.

Provided herein are methods of making the compound of Formula I: ##STR00001##
and certain intermediates involved in such process.

A polymer for resist use is obtainable from a hemiacetal compound having formula (1a) wherein R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 each are H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, X.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, ZZ designates a non-aromatic mono- or polycyclic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms having a hemiacetal structure, k.sup.1=0 or 1, and k.sup.2=0 to 3. A resist composition comprising the polymer displays controlled acid diffusion and low roughness during both positive and negative tone developments. ##STR00001##

A polymer for resist use is obtainable from a hemiacetal compound having formula (1a) wherein R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 each are H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, X.sup.1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, ZZ designates a non-aromatic mono- or polycyclic ring of 4 to 20 carbon atoms having a hemiacetal structure, k.sup.1=0 or 1, and k.sup.2=0 to 3. A resist composition comprising the polymer displays controlled acid diffusion and low roughness during both positive and negative tone developments. ##STR00001##