Disclosed herein are substituted compounds, salts, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, for the treatment of a central nervous system disease or disorder.

Provided is an isochroman compound represented by formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is used as an aldo-keto reductase (AKR1C3) inhibitor for the treatment of liver cancer. ##STR00001##

Disclosed herein is the catalyst-controlled site-selective activation of - and -methylene CH bonds of free carboxylic acids which heretofore was unknown and has remained a tremendous challenge. Described herein in the enablement of such chemical reactivity with ubiquitous dicarboxylic acids which possess inert, methylene-rich backbones and dual functional groups which opened up pathways for the construction of complex molecular scaffolds for organic synthesis. Herein we show that with a pair of palladium catalysts, it is possible to perform highly site-selective monolactonization reactions with a wide range of dicarboxylic acids, generating topologically diverse and synthetically useful - and -lactones via site-selective - or -methylene CH activation. The remaining carboxyl group serves as a versatile linchpin for further synthetic applications as demonstrated by the total synthesis of two natural products, myrotheciumone A and pedi cellosine, from abundant dicarboxylic acids.

Disclosed herein is the catalyst-controlled site-selective activation of - and -methylene CH bonds of free carboxylic acids which heretofore was unknown and has remained a tremendous challenge. Described herein in the enablement of such chemical reactivity with ubiquitous dicarboxylic acids which possess inert, methylene-rich backbones and dual functional groups which opened up pathways for the construction of complex molecular scaffolds for organic synthesis. Herein we show that with a pair of palladium catalysts, it is possible to perform highly site-selective monolactonization reactions with a wide range of dicarboxylic acids, generating topologically diverse and synthetically useful - and -lactones via site-selective - or -methylene CH activation. The remaining carboxyl group serves as a versatile linchpin for further synthetic applications as demonstrated by the total synthesis of two natural products, myrotheciumone A and pedi cellosine, from abundant dicarboxylic acids.

The present invention relates to a nebivolol synthesis method and intermediate compound thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing nebivolol, intermediate compound thereof, and a method for preparing the intermediate compound.

The present invention relates to a nebivolol synthesis method and intermediate compound thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing nebivolol, intermediate compound thereof, and a method for preparing the intermediate compound.

Disclosed herein are substituted compounds, salts, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, for the treatment of a central nervous system disease or disorder.

Disclosed herein are substituted compounds, salts, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, for the treatment of a central nervous system disease or disorder.

The present invention provides compounds as PPAR agonists and their application, involving a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma receptor agonist, which can inhibit the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and most of which can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical uses of the compounds.

The present invention provides compounds as PPAR agonists and their application, involving a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma receptor agonist, which can inhibit the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and most of which can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical uses of the compounds.