Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.

The present invention provides a novel compound having an antiviral activity, in particular, an HIV replication inhibiting activity, as well as a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, an anti-HIV agent.

##STR00001##

wherein ring A is substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle; R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.; R.sup.2 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy etc.; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom etc.; R.sup.6 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.

The present invention provides a novel compound having an antiviral activity, in particular, an HIV replication inhibiting activity, as well as a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, an anti-HIV agent.

##STR00001##

wherein ring A is substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle; R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.; R.sup.2 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy etc.; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl; R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom etc.; R.sup.6 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl etc.

An aqueous radiation curable dispersant formulation includes water and styrene acrylic resin stabilized thioxanthone derivative photoinitiator particles dispersed in the water. The styrene acrylic resin stabilized thioxanthone derivative photo initiator particles have a volume-weighted mean diameter of less than 40 nm. The styrene acrylic resin stabilized thioxanthone derivative photo initiator particles include a water-insoluble, thioxanthone derivative photoinitiator core having one, two, or three units. When the water-insoluble, thioxanthone derivative photoinitiator core includes two units or three units, the units are covalently bonded together.

An aqueous radiation curable dispersant formulation includes water and styrene acrylic resin stabilized thioxanthone derivative photoinitiator particles dispersed in the water. The styrene acrylic resin stabilized thioxanthone derivative photo initiator particles have a volume-weighted mean diameter of less than 40 nm. The styrene acrylic resin stabilized thioxanthone derivative photo initiator particles include a water-insoluble, thioxanthone derivative photoinitiator core having one, two, or three units. When the water-insoluble, thioxanthone derivative photoinitiator core includes two units or three units, the units are covalently bonded together.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods useful for treating neuronal and mitochondrial diseases.

Provided are a salt capable of producing a resist pattern with satisfactory CD Uniformity (CDU), an acid generator, and a resist composition. Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator, and a resist composition: ##STR00001##
wherein, in formula (I), R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 each represent a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, etc.; A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each represent a hydrocarbon group, etc.; m1 and m4, m5, m6 and m7 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m2, m3, m8 and m9 represent an integer of 0 to 4, 0m1+m75, 0m2+m84, 0m3+m94, and at least one of m1, m2 and m3 represents an integer of 1 or more; X.sup.4 represents a single bond, CH.sub.2, O, S, CO, SO or SO.sub.2; and AI.sup. represents an organic anion.