The inactivation of BK virus in patients diagnosed with BK virus, those receiving a kidney that is infected or suspected of being infected by BK virus, or in the transplanted kidney before, during, and/or after transplant surgery is described.

The inactivation of BK virus in patients diagnosed with BK virus, those receiving a kidney that is infected or suspected of being infected by BK virus, or in the transplanted kidney before, during, and/or after transplant surgery is described.

A glass includes from 42 mol % to 47 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5, from 42 mol % to 48 mol % CuO, and from greater than 0 mol % to 15 mol % Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. The glass is an amorphous, single-phase glass. Methods of making a glass article include heating batch materials to a melting temperature from 900° C. to 1350° C. In aspects, methods include pouring the molten glass in an inert gaseous environment, and cooling the molten glass in the inter gaseous environment. In aspects, methods include cooling the molten glass to form the glass article and annealing the glass article without growing crystals in or on the glass article during the cooling or the annealing.

A glass includes from 42 mol % to 47 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5, from 42 mol % to 48 mol % CuO, and from greater than 0 mol % to 15 mol % Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. The glass is an amorphous, single-phase glass. Methods of making a glass article include heating batch materials to a melting temperature from 900° C. to 1350° C. In aspects, methods include pouring the molten glass in an inert gaseous environment, and cooling the molten glass in the inter gaseous environment. In aspects, methods include cooling the molten glass to form the glass article and annealing the glass article without growing crystals in or on the glass article during the cooling or the annealing.

A composition comprising a doubly conjugated chitosan polymer or oligomer, and a functionalized metal work piece including the doubly conjugated chitosan polymer or oligomer.

A composition comprising a doubly conjugated chitosan polymer or oligomer, and a functionalized metal work piece including the doubly conjugated chitosan polymer or oligomer.

A method for cleaning medical equipment by scrubbing the equipment with an open-cell melamine-formaldehyde foam comprising an antibacterial active composition, and wherein the open-cell melamine-formaldehyde foam is prepared from a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate, wherein the molar ratio melamine to formaldehyde of the melamine-formaldehyde precondensate is smaller than 0.5.

A method for cleaning medical equipment by scrubbing the equipment with an open-cell melamine-formaldehyde foam comprising an antibacterial active composition, and wherein the open-cell melamine-formaldehyde foam is prepared from a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate, wherein the molar ratio melamine to formaldehyde of the melamine-formaldehyde precondensate is smaller than 0.5.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to antimicrobial films for use on high-touch surfaces in medical, commercial, and residential settings and methods of making the same. The films and coatings are robust and retain activity over time and are optimized to minimize diffusion time of virus particles as well as bacterial and fungal pathogens to the inactivating layers and/or particles in the films and coatings. In another aspect, the films and coatings are capable of inactivating multiple virus, bacteria, and fungi types, can be applied as sprayable coatings or adhesive backed films, or can be incorporated into fabrics. In still another aspect, the films and coatings can be formulated as transparent or can be a neutral color such as gray or white.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to antimicrobial films for use on high-touch surfaces in medical, commercial, and residential settings and methods of making the same. The films and coatings are robust and retain activity over time and are optimized to minimize diffusion time of virus particles as well as bacterial and fungal pathogens to the inactivating layers and/or particles in the films and coatings. In another aspect, the films and coatings are capable of inactivating multiple virus, bacteria, and fungi types, can be applied as sprayable coatings or adhesive backed films, or can be incorporated into fabrics. In still another aspect, the films and coatings can be formulated as transparent or can be a neutral color such as gray or white.