Pre-conditioning a vaccine site with a potent recall antigen such as tetanus/diphtheria (Td) toxoid can significantly improve the lymph node homing and efficacy of tumor antigen-specific DC vaccines. Patients given Td had enhanced DC migration bilaterally and significantly improved survival. In mice, Td pre-conditioning also enhanced bilateral DC migration and suppressed tumor growth in a manner dependent on the chemokines CCL3 and CCL21 and Td-activated CD4.sup.+ T cells. Interference with any component of this axis markedly reduced Td-mediated DC migration and antitumor responses. Our clinical studies and corroborating investigations in mice suggest that pre-conditioning with a potent recall antigen represents a viable strategy to increase DC homing to lymph nodes and improve antitumor immunotherapy.

Pre-conditioning a vaccine site with a potent recall antigen such as tetanus/diphtheria (Td) toxoid can significantly improve the lymph node homing and efficacy of tumor antigen-specific DC vaccines. Patients given Td had enhanced DC migration bilaterally and significantly improved survival. In mice, Td pre-conditioning also enhanced bilateral DC migration and suppressed tumor growth in a manner dependent on the chemokines CCL3 and CCL21 and Td-activated CD4.sup.+ T cells. Interference with any component of this axis markedly reduced Td-mediated DC migration and antitumor responses. Our clinical studies and corroborating investigations in mice suggest that pre-conditioning with a potent recall antigen represents a viable strategy to increase DC homing to lymph nodes and improve antitumor immunotherapy.

Described herein are methods of producing glycosylated proteins in vitro and in vivo. The methods include using host cells to produce glycosylated proteins. Also described herein are glycosylated proteins produced using such methods and uses thereof.

Described herein are methods of producing glycosylated proteins in vitro and in vivo. The methods include using host cells to produce glycosylated proteins. Also described herein are glycosylated proteins produced using such methods and uses thereof.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for vaccinating against infection with pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). In some embodiments, the compositions may include a vaccine including an immunogenic portion of at least two E. coli proteins described herein.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for vaccinating against infection with pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). In some embodiments, the compositions may include a vaccine including an immunogenic portion of at least two E. coli proteins described herein.

Prion peptides comprising prion epitopes and fusions thereof, that display enhanced immunogenicity are described. Also described are methods of treating and diagnosing prion disease.

Prion peptides comprising prion epitopes and fusions thereof, that display enhanced immunogenicity are described. Also described are methods of treating and diagnosing prion disease.

Binding agents able to disrupt bacterial biofilms of diverse origin are described, including monoclonal antibodies secreted by human B lymphocytes. Methods to prevent formation of or to dissolve biofilms with these binding agents are also described. Immunogens for eliciting antibodies to disrupt biofilms are also described.

There is provided a method of treating chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) in a human, comprising the steps of: a) administering to the human a composition comprising a replication-defective chimpanzee adenoviral (ChAd) vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) and a nucleic acid encoding a hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc); b) administering to the human a composition comprising a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs) and a nucleic acid encoding a hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc); and c) administering to the human a composition comprising a recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs), recombinant hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBc) and an adjuvant.