Perfluoro-t-butoxyallyl ether and perfluoro-t-butoxypropargyl ether and methods for their synthesis are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for making polymers from the perfluoro-t-butoxyallyl ether and perfluoro-t-butoxypropargyl ether.

A fluorine-containing resin composition of the present invention includes: a fluorine-containing resin; and a solvent in which the fluorine-containing resin is dissolved. The solvent is a perfluoroalkene. The fluorine-containing resin includes a fluorine-containing polymer including a structural unit (A) represented by the following formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula (1), R.sub.ff.sup.1 to R.sub.ff.sup.4 each independently represent a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a perfluoroalkyl ether group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. R.sub.ff.sup.1 and R.sub.ff.sup.2 are optionally linked to form a ring.)

Provided is a polymer comprising a repeating unit derived from a monomer (a) represented by general formula: R.sup.1R.sup.2(CH.sub.2).sub.pOR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.1 is CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2I, or CHFI, R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 49 carbon atoms consisting of unit represented by CFH, an alkylene group having 2 to 49 carbon atoms consisting of unit represented by CFH and unit represented by CH.sub.2, or an alkylene group having 3 to 49 carbon atoms consisting of unit represented by CFH, unit represented by CH.sub.2, and unit represented by CHI, p is an integer of 0 to 2, and R.sup.3 is an organic residue having an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group.

A composition including a perfluoroelastomer and a polymer (1) having a number average molecular weight of 0.310.sup.4 or more and containing a polymerized unit (1) derived from a monomer represented by the following general formula (1):

CX.sub.2CY(CZ.sub.2ORf-A)(1)

where X, Y, Z, Rf, and A in the polymerized unit (1) are as defined herein, and where a content of the polymerized unit (1) in the polymer (1) is 90 mol % or more based on all polymerized units.

The invention pertains to a method of making fluoropolymer dispersions using certain polyfunctional perfluoropolyether derivatives including a plurality of ionisable groups selected from the group consisting of SO.sub.3X.sub.a, PO.sub.3X.sub.a and COOX.sub.a, whereas X.sub.a is H, an ammonium group or a monovalent metal, and whereas said groups are comprised as pendant groups in the perfluoropolyether chain, and to fluoropolymer dispersions therefrom.

The invention relates to a composition based on a thermoplastic fluoropolymer powder, in particular on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with improved flowability, particularly suitable for manufacturing parts by 3D laser sintering. The invention also relates to a method for agglomerating powder layer by layer, by melting or sintering using said composition. The invention finally relates to a three-dimensional article obtained by implementing said method.

A method for producing a perfluoroelastomer, which includes carrying out polymerization of a perfluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1) having a number average molecular weight of 0.310.sup.4 or more to provide a perfluoroelastomer, the polymer (1) containing a polymerized unit (1) derived from a monomer represented by the following general formula (1):
CX.sub.2CY(CZ.sub.2ORf-A)(1)
wherein X, Y, Z, Rf and A are as defined herein, with the proviso that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

A method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion, the method comprising: polymerizing a fluoromonomer in the presence of a fluorine-containing surfactant, a polymerization initiator, and an aqueous medium, thereby preparing an aqueous dispersion containing a fluoropolymer; and bubbling a gas containing oxygen into the aqueous dispersion, or bringing the aqueous dispersion into contact with an oxidizing agent, or bringing the aqueous dispersion into contact with an alcohol, thereby obtaining a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion.

A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes: polymerizing a monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I) below in an aqueous medium substantially in the absence of a fluorine-containing surfactant (except for the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I)) to obtain a crude composition containing a polymer of the monomer (I); removing a dimer and a trimer of the monomer (I) contained in the crude composition from the crude composition to obtain a polymer (I) in which the content of the dimer and trimer of the monomer (I) is 1.0% by mass or less based on the polymer (I); and polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of the polymer (I) to obtain a fluoropolymer:
CX.sup.1X.sup.3CX.sup.2R(CZ.sup.1Z.sup.2-A.sup.0).sub.m(I)
wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.3, X.sup.2, A.sup.0, R, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are as defined herein.

Embossing resins, methods of manufacturing such resins, and electrokinetic display system, which includes display cells containing such resins. The resins include a fluoropolymer in weight percentage 5%-60%, a difunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-30%, a monofunctional diluent in weight percentage 0-40%, a urethane diacrylate or functionalized nanoscale material, e.g., a functionalized urethane material, in weight percentage 5-50%, a photoinitiator in weight percentage 0.5-5%, and a surfactant in weight percentage less than 0.5%. The difunctional diluent may be Hexanediol Diacrylate, and the monofunctional diluent may be a monofunctional hydrocarbon. The resins are made by identifying a target index of refraction for a cured state thereof, and combining together, by weight percentage, the constituent components to produce the liquid state version of the embossing resin having a desired composite index of refraction.