Provided is a compound that can be used for a resin for a resist having excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, or the like, by a compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m represents an integer of 0 to 5, and n represents an integer of 0 to 4).

The present invention provides porous particles made of an organic polymer, uniform in shape, and having through holes that are not closed. The porous particles according to the present invention are porous particles having a substantially spherical shape. The porous particles are made of an organic polymer. Each of the porous particles has an interconnected pore structure in which through holes provided inside the porous particle communicate with each other, and ends of the through holes are open toward an outside of the porous particle.

A photocurable composition for stereolithographic three-dimensional printing, wherein the photocurable composition comprises a photoreactive oligomer component comprising a hydrophobic oligomer comprising a photoreactive end group, a photoreactive monomer component comprising a photoreactive monomer having a photoreactive end group, and a photoinitiation composition comprising a photoinitiator; the photocurable composition has a viscosity of 250 to 10,000 centipoise at 22 C., determined using a Brookfield viscometer; and the photocured composition has a dielectric loss of less than 0.010, preferably less than 0.008, more preferably less than 0.006, most preferably less than 0.004, each determined by split-post dielectric resonator testing at 10 gigahertz at 23 C.

Polymerizable compositions comprising a redox initiator system is disclosed. The redox initiators comprises a photolabile reducing agent, that photolyzes and initiates the redox cycle. Dental compositions comprising dental resins and the photolabile redox initiator system are also described.

Additive manufacturing methods use a surrogate slurry to iteratively develop an additive manufacturing protocol and then substitutes a final slurry composition to then additively manufacture a final component using the developed additive manufacturing protocol. In the nuclear reactor component context, the final slurry composition is a nuclear fuel slurry having a composition: 30-45 vol. % monomer resin, 30-70 vol. % plurality of particles of uranium-containing material, >0-7 vol. % dispersant, photoactivated dye, photoabsorber, photoinitiator, and 0-18 vol. % (as a balance) diluent. The surrogate slurry has a similar composition, but a plurality of surrogate particles selected to represent a uranium-containing material are substituted for the particles of uranium-containing material. The method provides a means for in-situ monitoring of characteristics of the final component during manufacture as well as in-situ volumetric inspection. Compositions of surrogate slurries and nuclear fuel slurries are also disclosed.

A preparation method of vinyl ester resin for optimizing heat-release during curing includes: (A) providing a vinyl ester, a solvent and a phase change material to perform mixture; (B) performing a heating process to remove the solvent, so as to obtain a vinyl ester resin containing the phase change material. Thereby, the organic PCM material with high heat absorption and good resin affinity can be used as the temperature control agent of the vinyl ester resin during the curing process for avoiding the defects such as bubbles and cracks being generated in the vinyl ester resin.

Polymerizable compositions comprising a redox initiator system is disclosed. The redox initiator system comprises a photolabile transition metal complex that photolyzes and initiates the redox cycle. Dental compositions comprising dental resins and the photolabile redox initiator system are also described.

Compounds of formula (I) are photoinitiators or photosensitizers in a photopolymerizable composition:

##STR00001##

R.sub.1 represents a monovalent, linear, branched or cyclic, aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with substituent(s) selected from Cl, Br, OH, O, NHCO OR.sub.2, NHCOR.sub.2 or free-radically or ionically polymerizable groups. Each R.sub.2 is independently H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; n is 1. If n=1, Z and Y are absent and X represents OR.sub.3; if n is >1, Z represents OR.sub.4, Y represents ORs and X represents H or OH. R.sub.3 represents H or R.sub.1; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each independently represent a bivalent hydrocarbon group. The polymerizable moieties as optional substituents of R.sub.1 are polymerizable double or triple bonds, lactam, lactone and epoxide moieties, which are subjectable to ring-opening polymerization; and two of R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 may be linked to one another to form a ring or a dimer.

The invention relates to the use of a branched polyester having an average of at least 2.8 terminal groups as additive for a curable pre-polymer composition, wherein the branched polyester acts as de-foaming agent.

According to the present invention, as a monomer which is unlikely to be crystallized in a curable composition for manufacturing an optical member and which enables manufacture of a cured product having a high level of moisture-heat resistance, a compound represented by General Formula (A) is provided.

##STR00001##

In the formula, Ar.sup.11 and Ar.sup.12 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; X.sup.1, Y.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y.sup.2, Z.sup.1, and Z.sup.2 each independently represent a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom, or the like; Ar.sup.13 and Ar.sup.14 each independently represent an arylene group or a heteroarylene group, where at least one of Ar.sup.13 or Ar.sup.14 is a group other than a phenylene group; R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 each independently represent a substituent, q and r each independently are an integer of 0 to 4, and v and w each independently are an integer of 0 or more; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom, an ester bond, or the like; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent a divalent linking group containing a branched alkylene group; and R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.