In various aspects, top-down stereolithography apparatus and methods of use thereof are provided herein that allow for additive manufacturing of an article from a high-viscosity resin. The apparatus and methods can print resins having viscosities higher than conventional systems, e.g. viscosities up to about 100 Pa.Math.s at the elevated temperature. The resin may have a room temperature viscosity of about 100 Pa.Math.s, about 250 Pa.Math.s, about 1000 Pa.Math.s, or more. In some aspects, the resin is a solid at room temperature. The apparatus and methods do not rely upon solvents or other viscosity modifiers being added to the resin, and are capable of top-down additive manufacturing approaches which provide reduced stress on the printed article.

Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hub for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polyvalent hub are also provided.

Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hub for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polyvalent hub are also provided.

Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hubs for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polymers are also provided.

Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hubs for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polymers are also provided.

Alkoxylated fatty acids are disclosed herein, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are formed from monomers derived from natural oils. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic latex by emulsion polymerization. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants in a composition for treatment of gas or oil wells, for cleaning applications, for use in various laundry-related applications, for use in personal care compositions, or for use as solvents for coating applications, such as reactive and non-reactive waterborne coating applications.

Alkoxylated fatty acids are disclosed herein, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are formed from monomers derived from natural oils. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic latex by emulsion polymerization. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants in a composition for treatment of gas or oil wells, for cleaning applications, for use in various laundry-related applications, for use in personal care compositions, or for use as solvents for coating applications, such as reactive and non-reactive waterborne coating applications.

A resin composition for molding having excellent heat resistance, hardness, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability is provided by using an amorphous resin material component extracted from plant-derived wood. The resin composition is a hemicellulose monomer obtained by applying a methacrylation reaction or acrylation reaction to a hemicellulose or hemicellulose derivative and has a molecular structure in which a methacrylic group or acryloyl group is bonded to the hemicellulose or hemicellulose derivative. This hemicellulose monomer has excellent injection moldability.

A resin composition for molding having excellent heat resistance, hardness, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability is provided by using an amorphous resin material component extracted from plant-derived wood. The resin composition is a hemicellulose monomer obtained by applying a methacrylation reaction or acrylation reaction to a hemicellulose or hemicellulose derivative and has a molecular structure in which a methacrylic group or acryloyl group is bonded to the hemicellulose or hemicellulose derivative. This hemicellulose monomer has excellent injection moldability.

Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hub for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polyvalent hub are also provided.