Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hub for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polyvalent hub are also provided.

The present invention is broadly concerned with materials, processes, and structures that allow an underlayer to be imaged directly using conventional lithography, thus avoiding the photoresist processing steps required by prior art directed self-assembly (DSA) processes. The underlayers can be tailored to favor a selected block of the DSA block co-polymers (BCP), depending on the pattern, and can be formulated either to initially be neutral to the BCP and switch to non-neutral after photoexposure, or can initially be non-neutral to the BCP and switch to neutral after exposure. These materials allow fast crosslinking to achieve solvent resistance and possess good thermal stability.

The present invention is broadly concerned with materials, processes, and structures that allow an underlayer to be imaged directly using conventional lithography, thus avoiding the photoresist processing steps required by prior art directed self-assembly (DSA) processes. The underlayers can be tailored to favor a selected block of the DSA block co-polymers (BCP), depending on the pattern, and can be formulated either to initially be neutral to the BCP and switch to non-neutral after photoexposure, or can initially be non-neutral to the BCP and switch to neutral after exposure. These materials allow fast crosslinking to achieve solvent resistance and possess good thermal stability.

Alkoxylated fatty acids are disclosed herein, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are formed from monomers derived from natural oils. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic latex by emulsion polymerization. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants in a composition for treatment of gas or oil wells, for cleaning applications, for use in various laundry-related applications, for use in personal care compositions, or for use as solvents for coating applications, such as reactive and non-reactive waterborne coating applications.

Alkoxylated fatty acids are disclosed herein, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are formed from monomers derived from natural oils. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic latex by emulsion polymerization. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants in a composition for treatment of gas or oil wells, for cleaning applications, for use in various laundry-related applications, for use in personal care compositions, or for use as solvents for coating applications, such as reactive and non-reactive waterborne coating applications.

The present document discloses an organosilicon modified photoinitiator represented by the general formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 is SIL1-X, and the others are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, and halogen; X is a direct bond or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkylene; and SIL1 and SIL2 are each independently represented by the formula SiR.sub.8R.sub.9R.sub.10 or (RSiO.sub.3/2).sub.a(R.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2).sub.b(R.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2).sub.c, wherein R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, and aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, R, R and R each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, and phenyl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, and a, b, and c are numbers that satisfy a0, b0, c>0, the ratio of a to c is from 0 to 100, and the ratio of b to c is from 0 to 10.

The present document discloses an organosilicon modified photoinitiator represented by the general formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl; one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 is SIL1-X, and the others are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, and halogen; X is a direct bond or C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkylene; and SIL1 and SIL2 are each independently represented by the formula SiR.sub.8R.sub.9R.sub.10 or (RSiO.sub.3/2).sub.a(R.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2).sub.b(R.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2).sub.c, wherein R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, and aryl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, R, R and R each independently selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, and phenyl C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl, and a, b, and c are numbers that satisfy a0, b0, c>0, the ratio of a to c is from 0 to 100, and the ratio of b to c is from 0 to 10.

Provided is a liquid developer that gives a high image density, has a high resistance, suppresses the appearance of image blurring, can be reused, is readily cured by ultraviolet radiation, and can accommodate higher process speeds. This liquid developer contains a carrier liquid, a toner particle insoluble in the carrier liquid, and a compound with the following formula (1) ##STR00001##
[In formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent an alkyl group having at least 13 and not more than 23 carbons.].

Provided is a liquid developer that gives a high image density, has a high resistance, suppresses the appearance of image blurring, can be reused, is readily cured by ultraviolet radiation, and can accommodate higher process speeds. This liquid developer contains a carrier liquid, a toner particle insoluble in the carrier liquid, and a compound with the following formula (1) ##STR00001##
[In formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent an alkyl group having at least 13 and not more than 23 carbons.].

Embodiments of the present application relate to polymers used as polymeric polyvalent hub for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Methods for making an oligonucleotide by liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis using the polyvalent hub are also provided.