A method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, the method including passing a solution including an acid compound having a pKa of 2.0 or more through a column packed with an ion-exchange resin, producing an onium salt by using the acid compound having been passed through the column, and mixing together the onium salt and a resin that undergoes an increase in polarity due to action of acid.

A method for producing an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, the method including passing a solution including an acid compound having a pKa of 2.0 or more through a column packed with an ion-exchange resin, producing an onium salt by using the acid compound having been passed through the column, and mixing together the onium salt and a resin that undergoes an increase in polarity due to action of acid.

A device having design film thicknesses, to suppress non-uniformity of a light emitting surface, to provide a quantum dot electroluminescence device with good luminous efficiency and light emitting life-span, and to provide an excellent quantum dot electroluminescence device with luminous efficiency and light emitting life-span. A quantum dot electroluminescence device including a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a light emitting layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer includes a polymer material and a low molecular material, the light emitting layer includes a quantum dot having a core-shell structure, and a residual film ratio of the hole transport layer is greater than or equal to about 95%.

A device having design film thicknesses, to suppress non-uniformity of a light emitting surface, to provide a quantum dot electroluminescence device with good luminous efficiency and light emitting life-span, and to provide an excellent quantum dot electroluminescence device with luminous efficiency and light emitting life-span. A quantum dot electroluminescence device including a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a light emitting layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer includes a polymer material and a low molecular material, the light emitting layer includes a quantum dot having a core-shell structure, and a residual film ratio of the hole transport layer is greater than or equal to about 95%.

There is provided a polymer which is the copolymerization product from a mixture including: (a) 10-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable arylcyclobutene monomer; (b) 15-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable diene monomer; and (c) 15-60 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable aromatic vinyl monomer. The polymer can be used in electronic applications.

There is provided a polymer which is the copolymerization product from a mixture including: (a) 10-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable arylcyclobutene monomer; (b) 15-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable diene monomer; and (c) 15-60 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable aromatic vinyl monomer. The polymer can be used in electronic applications.

There is provided a polymer which is the copolymerization product from a mixture including: (a) 10-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable arylcyclobutene monomer; (b) 15-50 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable diene monomer; and (c) 15-60 mol % of at least one addition polymerizable aromatic vinyl monomer. The polymer can be used in electronic applications.

An anion exchange membrane is composed of a copolymer of 1,1-diphenylethylene and one or more styrene monomers, such as 4-tert-butylstyrene. The copolymer includes a backbone substituted with a plurality of ionic groups coupled to phenyl groups on the backbone via hydrocarbyl tethers between about 1 and about 7 carbons in length. High-temperature conditions enabled by these copolymers enhance conductivity performance, making them particularly suitable for use in anion exchange membranes in fuel cells, electrolyzers employing hydrogen, ion separations, etc. The properties of the membranes can be tuned via the degree of functionalization of the phenyl groups and selection of the functional groups, such as quaternary ammonium groups. Several processes can be used to incorporate the desired ionic functional groups into the polymers, such as chloromethylation, radical bromination, Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation, sulfonation followed by amination, or combinations thereof.

An anion exchange membrane is composed of a copolymer of 1,1-diphenylethylene and one or more styrene monomers, such as 4-tert-butylstyrene. The copolymer includes a backbone substituted with a plurality of ionic groups coupled to phenyl groups on the backbone via hydrocarbyl tethers between about 1 and about 7 carbons in length. High-temperature conditions enabled by these copolymers enhance conductivity performance, making them particularly suitable for use in anion exchange membranes in fuel cells, electrolyzers employing hydrogen, ion separations, etc. The properties of the membranes can be tuned via the degree of functionalization of the phenyl groups and selection of the functional groups, such as quaternary ammonium groups. Several processes can be used to incorporate the desired ionic functional groups into the polymers, such as chloromethylation, radical bromination, Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation, sulfonation followed by amination, or combinations thereof.

An anion exchange membrane is composed of a copolymer of 1,1-diphenylethylene and one or more styrene monomers, such as 4-tert-butylstyrene. The copolymer includes a backbone substituted with a plurality of ionic groups coupled to phenyl groups on the backbone via hydrocarbyl tethers between about 1 and about 7 carbons in length. High-temperature conditions enabled by these copolymers enhance conductivity performance, making them particularly suitable for use in anion exchange membranes in fuel cells, electrolyzers employing hydrogen, ion separations, etc. The properties of the membranes can be tuned via the degree of functionalization of the phenyl groups and selection of the functional groups, such as quaternary ammonium groups. Several processes can be used to incorporate the desired ionic functional groups into the polymers, such as chloromethylation, radical bromination, Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation, sulfonation followed by amination, or combinations thereof.