To provide an electrolyte material having a low hydrogen gas permeability and excellent hot water resistance. An electrolyte material comprising a polymer having units represented by the following formula u1 and units based on chlorotrifluoroethylene at the specific proportion: ##STR00001##
wherein Q.sup.11 is a perfluoroalkylene group which may have an etheric oxygen atom, Q.sup.12 is a single bond or a perfluoroalkylene group which may have an etheric oxygen atom, Y.sup.1 is a fluorine atom or the like, s is 0 or 1, R.sup.f1 is a perfluoroalkyl group which may have an etheric oxygen atom, X.sup.1 is an oxygen atom or the like, a is 0 when X.sup.1 is an oxygen, and Z.sup.+ is H.sup.+ or the like.

The present invention provides a method for controlling Mooney viscosity of peroxide-cured fluororubber. The method comprises: adding an initiator solution in a continuous supplementary manner during the emulsion polymerization process of a peroxide-cured fluororubber until 5 to 10 minutes before the end of the polymerization reaction; wherein the amount of the initiator solution added initially is 0.1% to 0.5% of the total amount of the polymerization monomer dry materials, and the amount of the initiator solution continuously supplemented is 0.1% to 2% of the total amount of the polymerization monomer dry materials, based on the initiator. The present invention effectively controls the Mooney viscosity value of the peroxide-cured fluororubber within the desired range with small fluctuations by controlling the amount and the manner of addition of the initiator, thereby obtaining a peroxide-cured fluororubber with stable and controllable quality. Moreover, the present invention does not need to add a chain transfer agent, which reduces the amount of additives in the polymerization process, and meanwhile improves the reaction activity of the polymerization system, effectively shortens the time for polymerization, and is beneficial to industrialized production.

The present invention provides a method for controlling Mooney viscosity of peroxide-cured fluororubber. The method comprises: adding an initiator solution in a continuous supplementary manner during the emulsion polymerization process of a peroxide-cured fluororubber until 5 to 10 minutes before the end of the polymerization reaction; wherein the amount of the initiator solution added initially is 0.1% to 0.5% of the total amount of the polymerization monomer dry materials, and the amount of the initiator solution continuously supplemented is 0.1% to 2% of the total amount of the polymerization monomer dry materials, based on the initiator. The present invention effectively controls the Mooney viscosity value of the peroxide-cured fluororubber within the desired range with small fluctuations by controlling the amount and the manner of addition of the initiator, thereby obtaining a peroxide-cured fluororubber with stable and controllable quality. Moreover, the present invention does not need to add a chain transfer agent, which reduces the amount of additives in the polymerization process, and meanwhile improves the reaction activity of the polymerization system, effectively shortens the time for polymerization, and is beneficial to industrialized production.

A fluorine-containing copolymer including tetrafluoroethylene units (a), ethylene units (b), and hexafluoropropylene units (c), a content of the tetrafluoroethylene units (a) in the total monomer units being 36.0 to 45.0% by mole; a content of the hexafluoropropylene units (c) in the total monomer units being 6 to 21% by mole; a mole ratio of the tetrafluoroethylene units (a) to the sum of the tetrafluoroethylene units (a) and the ethylene units (b), (a)/((a)+(b)), being 0.40 to 0.54; and a melt flow rate measured under the conditions of 230° C. and a load of 5 kg being 12 to 100 g/10 minutes.

A fluorine-containing copolymer including tetrafluoroethylene units (a), ethylene units (b), and hexafluoropropylene units (c), a content of the tetrafluoroethylene units (a) in the total monomer units being 36.0 to 45.0% by mole; a content of the hexafluoropropylene units (c) in the total monomer units being 6 to 21% by mole; a mole ratio of the tetrafluoroethylene units (a) to the sum of the tetrafluoroethylene units (a) and the ethylene units (b), (a)/((a)+(b)), being 0.40 to 0.54; and a melt flow rate measured under the conditions of 230° C. and a load of 5 kg being 12 to 100 g/10 minutes.

This disclosure relates to a method of making a fluoropolymer object. The method may include providing a substrate including fluoropolymer comprising units derived from monomers M.sub.1, M.sub.2 and M.sub.3, wherein: M.sub.1 is a vinylidene fluoride; M.sub.2 is a monomer of formula (I): CX.sub.1X.sub.2═CX.sub.3X.sub.4, wherein each of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is independently selected from H, Cl and F, and wherein at least one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is F; M.sub.3 is a monomer of formula (II): CY.sub.1Y.sub.2═CY.sub.3CF.sub.3, wherein each of Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3 is independently selected from H, Cl, F, Br, I and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partly or fully halogenated; and stretching the substrate.

This disclosure relates to a method of making a fluoropolymer object. The method may include providing a substrate including fluoropolymer comprising units derived from monomers M.sub.1, M.sub.2 and M.sub.3, wherein: M.sub.1 is a vinylidene fluoride; M.sub.2 is a monomer of formula (I): CX.sub.1X.sub.2═CX.sub.3X.sub.4, wherein each of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is independently selected from H, Cl and F, and wherein at least one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is F; M.sub.3 is a monomer of formula (II): CY.sub.1Y.sub.2═CY.sub.3CF.sub.3, wherein each of Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3 is independently selected from H, Cl, F, Br, I and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partly or fully halogenated; and stretching the substrate.

A copolymer including fluorinated units of formula (I):

—CX.sub.1X.sub.2—CX.sub.3X.sub.4—  (I) in which each of the X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated; and units of formula (III):

—CX.sub.AX.sub.B—CX.sub.CZ—  (III) in which each of the X.sub.A, X.sub.B and X.sub.C is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups including from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or totally fluorinated, and Z being a polarizable group of formula —Y—Ar—R; Y representing an O atom or an S atom or an NH group, Ar representing an aryl group, and R being a monodentate or bidentate group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and the copolymer having a heat of fusion of greater than or equal to 5 J/g. Also a process, a composition, an ink and a film.

To provide a powder coating material capable of forming a coating film excellent in impact resistance, flexibility and adhesion to substrate and excellent in surface smoothness even when formed under low temperature film-forming conditions. The powder coating material of the present invention is a powder coating material comprising a fluorinated polymer having units based on a fluoroolefin, units based on a monomer represented by the formula X—Z and units based on a monomer represented by the formula CHR.sup.21═CR.sup.22 (CH.sub.2).sub.nCOOH, wherein the content of the units based on a monomer represented by the formula X—Z is from 5 to 20 mol % to all units in the fluorinated polymer, and the fluorinated polymer has a melt viscosity at 170° C. of from 20 to 100 Pa.Math.s (in the formulae, X is a specific monovalent polymerizable group, Z is a specific alkyl group, a specific cycloalkyl group or a specific aryl group, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a specific alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 0 to 12.

To provide a powder coating material capable of forming a coating film excellent in impact resistance, flexibility and adhesion to substrate and excellent in surface smoothness even when formed under low temperature film-forming conditions. The powder coating material of the present invention is a powder coating material comprising a fluorinated polymer having units based on a fluoroolefin, units based on a monomer represented by the formula X—Z and units based on a monomer represented by the formula CHR.sup.21═CR.sup.22 (CH.sub.2).sub.nCOOH, wherein the content of the units based on a monomer represented by the formula X—Z is from 5 to 20 mol % to all units in the fluorinated polymer, and the fluorinated polymer has a melt viscosity at 170° C. of from 20 to 100 Pa.Math.s (in the formulae, X is a specific monovalent polymerizable group, Z is a specific alkyl group, a specific cycloalkyl group or a specific aryl group, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a specific alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 0 to 12.