Provided herein are crosslinked polymers useful in orthodontic appliances and light polymerizable liquid compositions and formulations useful for making crosslinked polymers. Also provided are methods of making an orthodontic appliance comprising a cross-linked polymer formed by a direct fabrication technique.

Provided herein are crosslinked polymers useful in orthodontic appliances and light polymerizable liquid compositions and formulations useful for making crosslinked polymers. Also provided are methods of making an orthodontic appliance comprising a cross-linked polymer formed by a direct fabrication technique.

Provided herein are crosslinked polymers useful in orthodontic appliances and light polymerizable liquid compositions and formulations useful for making crosslinked polymers. Also provided are methods of making an orthodontic appliance comprising a cross-linked polymer formed by a direct fabrication technique.

Provided herein are crosslinked polymers useful in orthodontic appliances and light polymerizable liquid compositions and formulations useful for making crosslinked polymers. Also provided are methods of making an orthodontic appliance comprising a cross-linked polymer formed by a direct fabrication technique.

An example of a nucleic acid extraction material includes a substrate. The nucleic acid extraction material also includes a polycation bonded to at least a portion of a surface of the substrate. The polycation consists of a polymer of a quaternized monomer selected from the group consisting of a quaternized 1-vinylimidazole monomer and a quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate monomer, or a copolymer of a neutral monomer and the quaternized monomer.

Disclosed are methods for producing a downstream product from cellulosic material by: a) contacting the cellulosic material with a polymer and a solvent to form a reaction mixture, where the polymer includes acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone, and each of the ionic monomers independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group or at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group; b) degrading the cellulosic material in the reaction mixture to produce a liquid phase and a solid phase, where the liquid phrase includes one or more sugars, and where the solid phase includes residual cellulosic material; and c) using the one or more sugars to produce the downstream product.

Disclosed are methods for producing a downstream product from cellulosic material by: a) contacting the cellulosic material with a polymer and a solvent to form a reaction mixture, where the polymer includes acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone, and each of the ionic monomers independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group or at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group; b) degrading the cellulosic material in the reaction mixture to produce a liquid phase and a solid phase, where the liquid phrase includes one or more sugars, and where the solid phase includes residual cellulosic material; and c) using the one or more sugars to produce the downstream product.

Disclosed are methods for producing a downstream product from cellulosic material by: a) contacting the cellulosic material with a polymer and a solvent to form a reaction mixture, where the polymer includes acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone, and each of the ionic monomers independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group or at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group; b) degrading the cellulosic material in the reaction mixture to produce a liquid phase and a solid phase, where the liquid phrase includes one or more sugars, and where the solid phase includes residual cellulosic material; and c) using the one or more sugars to produce the downstream product.

Provided herein are crosslinked polymers useful in orthodontic appliances and light polymerizable liquid compositions and formulations useful for making crosslinked polymers. Also provided are methods of making an orthodontic appliance comprising a cross-linked polymer formed by a direct fabrication technique.

Provided herein are crosslinked polymers useful in orthodontic appliances and light polymerizable liquid compositions and formulations useful for making crosslinked polymers. Also provided are methods of making an orthodontic appliance comprising a cross-linked polymer formed by a direct fabrication technique.