The present invention relates to a charge transporting semi-conducting material comprising: a) at least one electrical dopant, and b) a branched or cross-linked charge-transporting polymer comprising cyclobutenone cross-linking units of at least one of the general formulae la and/or lb, wherein aa) Pol.sup.1, Pol.sup.2, Pol.sup.3 and Pol.sup.4 are independently selected chains of the charge-transporting polymer, bb) X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, and X.sup.4 are independently selected optional spacer units or, independently, represent direct bonding of Pol.sup.1, Pol.sup.2, Pol.sup.3 and Pol.sup.4 chains to the cyclobutenone ring, cc) Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 are independently selected from H, halogen or a carbon-containing group; the charge transporting semi-conducting material being obtainable by a process comprising: i) providing a solution containing aaa) at least one precursor charge transporting compound comprising at least one covalently attacked alkenyloxy group having generic formula II wherein X is an optional spacer which is further linked to a charge transporting structural moiety of the precursor charge transporting compound, the dashed line represents the bonding to a charge transporting structural moiety of the precursor charge transporting compound and Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 are independently selected from H, halogen or the carbon-containing group, bbb) at least one electrical dopant, ccc) at least one solvent, ii) depositing the solution on a substrate, iii) removing the solvent, and iv) reacting the alkinyloxy groups to effect crosslinking, preferably by heating, wherein the average number of the alkinyloxy groups per one molecule of the precursor charge transporting compound provided in the step i) is equal to or greater than 2, preferably greater than 2.05, and a process for preparing the same.

The present invention relates to a charge transporting semi-conducting material comprising: a) at least one electrical dopant, and b) a branched or cross-linked charge-transporting polymer comprising cyclobutenone cross-linking units of at least one of the general formulae la and/or lb, wherein aa) Pol.sup.1, Pol.sup.2, Pol.sup.3 and Pol.sup.4 are independently selected chains of the charge-transporting polymer, bb) X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, and X.sup.4 are independently selected optional spacer units or, independently, represent direct bonding of Pol.sup.1, Pol.sup.2, Pol.sup.3 and Pol.sup.4 chains to the cyclobutenone ring, cc) Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 are independently selected from H, halogen or a carbon-containing group; the charge transporting semi-conducting material being obtainable by a process comprising: i) providing a solution containing aaa) at least one precursor charge transporting compound comprising at least one covalently attacked alkenyloxy group having generic formula II wherein X is an optional spacer which is further linked to a charge transporting structural moiety of the precursor charge transporting compound, the dashed line represents the bonding to a charge transporting structural moiety of the precursor charge transporting compound and Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3, and Z.sup.4 are independently selected from H, halogen or the carbon-containing group, bbb) at least one electrical dopant, ccc) at least one solvent, ii) depositing the solution on a substrate, iii) removing the solvent, and iv) reacting the alkinyloxy groups to effect crosslinking, preferably by heating, wherein the average number of the alkinyloxy groups per one molecule of the precursor charge transporting compound provided in the step i) is equal to or greater than 2, preferably greater than 2.05, and a process for preparing the same.

Provided herein are processes for the generation of composite polymer materials utilizing a single resin. The processes utilize diffusion between a region undergoing a polymerization reaction preferentially polymerizing one monomer component and an unreactive region. Diffusion and subsequent/concurrent polymerization results in a higher concentration of the more reactive monomer component in the reacting region and a higher concentration of the less reactive monomer components in the unreactive region. The unreactive region may be later polymerized. In embodiments, photopolymerization is used and the regions are generated by a mask or other mechanism to pattern the light.

Provided herein are processes for the generation of composite polymer materials utilizing a single resin. The processes utilize diffusion between a region undergoing a polymerization reaction preferentially polymerizing one monomer component and an unreactive region. Diffusion and subsequent/concurrent polymerization results in a higher concentration of the more reactive monomer component in the reacting region and a higher concentration of the less reactive monomer components in the unreactive region. The unreactive region may be later polymerized. In embodiments, photopolymerization is used and the regions are generated by a mask or other mechanism to pattern the light.

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

Novel methods and materials particularly useful for ophthalmic applications and to methods for making and using the same are disclosed herein. More particularly, relatively soft, optically transparent, foldable, high refractive index materials particularly suited for use in the production of intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and other ocular implants and to methods for manufacturing and implanting IOLs made therefrom are disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a polymer by radical polymerization. More specifically, the process disclosed herein is for preparing a polymer by super advanced controlled radical polymerization.

Disclosed herein is a process for preparing a polymer by radical polymerization. More specifically, the process disclosed herein is for preparing a polymer by super advanced controlled radical polymerization.

Provided are a pattern forming method for obtaining a pattern which is excellent in etching resistance and in which occurrence of pattern collapse can be suppressed, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device including the pattern forming method. The pattern forming method includes a step of forming a film using an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition that contains a resin A having a repeating unit represented by General Formula (I) and a repeating unit represented by General Formula (BII), a step of exposing the film, and a step of developing the exposed film using a developer containing an organic solvent, to form a pattern.