Isopropylidenediphenol-based polyether polyols, processes for their production, foams produced using such isopropylidenediphenol-based polyether polyols, such as PUR-PIR rigid foams, as well as to processes for producing such foams. The polyether polyols have an internal block comprising polymerized ethylene oxide moieties and an external cap comprising polymerized propylene oxide moieties.

An organic electroluminescence device including: an anode and a cathode; and at least one organic thin film layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein one of the organic thin film layer(s) comprises a polymer represented by the following formula (1). ##STR00001##

The present application relates to a phthalonitrile resin, a polymerizable composition, a prepolymer, a composite, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof. The present application can provide: phthalonitrile having excellent curability, exhibiting a suitable process temperature and a wide process window, and capable of forming a composite having excellent physical properties; a polymerizable composition using the same; and a prepolymer.

The present application relates to a phthalonitrile resin, a polymerizable composition, a prepolymer, a composite, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof. The present application can provide: phthalonitrile having excellent curability, exhibiting a suitable process temperature and a wide process window, and capable of forming a composite having excellent physical properties; a polymerizable composition using the same; and a prepolymer.

The present invention provides a gel comprising a physical network formed of polymer chain crystallites interconnected by amorphous chain segments. Functionalization of the chain segments between the crystallites forms a blocky distribution of functionality along the chain whereby the functionalities are concentrated in groups consisting of one or more functionalities, separated by non-functionalized runs of crystallizable segments of the polymer. Removal of the solvent from the gels, without reducing the gel volume, forms an aerogel.

The present invention provides a gel comprising a physical network formed of polymer chain crystallites interconnected by amorphous chain segments. Functionalization of the chain segments between the crystallites forms a blocky distribution of functionality along the chain whereby the functionalities are concentrated in groups consisting of one or more functionalities, separated by non-functionalized runs of crystallizable segments of the polymer. Removal of the solvent from the gels, without reducing the gel volume, forms an aerogel.

A method for sulfonation of poly(phenylene ether) can comprise: dissolving a poly(phenylene ether) comprising 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units, 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl ether units, or a combination thereof in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and a cosolvent to form a solvent mixture in a mixing vessel, wherein the cosolvent comprises at least one of methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl sulfone, ethyl acetate, or tetramethylene sulfone; combining a sulfonating agent with the solvent mixture, wherein the sulfonating agent reacts with the poly(phenylene ether) to form sulfonated poly(phenylene ether); precipitating the sulfonated poly(phenylene ether); and filtering the precipitated sulfonated poly(phenylene ether) to form a sulfonated poly(phenylene ether) precipitate and a filtrate; wherein the sulfonated poly(phenylene ether) has a sulfonation level of 20 to 50%.

A method for sulfonation of poly(phenylene ether) can comprise: dissolving a poly(phenylene ether) comprising 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units, 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl ether units, or a combination thereof in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane and a cosolvent to form a solvent mixture in a mixing vessel, wherein the cosolvent comprises at least one of methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl sulfone, ethyl acetate, or tetramethylene sulfone; combining a sulfonating agent with the solvent mixture, wherein the sulfonating agent reacts with the poly(phenylene ether) to form sulfonated poly(phenylene ether); precipitating the sulfonated poly(phenylene ether); and filtering the precipitated sulfonated poly(phenylene ether) to form a sulfonated poly(phenylene ether) precipitate and a filtrate; wherein the sulfonated poly(phenylene ether) has a sulfonation level of 20 to 50%.

A metal-clad laminate includes an insulating layer, and a metal foil in contact with at least one surface of the insulating layer, in which the insulating layer contains a cured product of a resin composition containing a polyphenylene ether compound, and the metal foil is a metal foil in which a first nickel element amount, on a surface on a side in contact with the insulating layer, measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 4.5 at % or less with respect to a total element amount measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a second nickel element amount, on a surface on a side in contact with the insulating layer when the surface is sputtered for 1 minute at a speed of 3 nm/min in terms of SiO2, measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 4.5 at % or less with respect to a total element amount measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The disclosed technology relates to an article, such as a hose, tube, sheet, film, or filament made from a crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition, wherein the crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane composition comprises the reaction product of a polyisocyanate component, a polyester polyol component, optionally a chain extender component, and optionally a catalyst. The article is produced by melt or extrusion processes.