A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

and B comprises

##STR00002##

Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

and B comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

and B comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

and B comprises

##STR00002##

Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are different and at least one is a Cl and the other is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

and B comprises

##STR00002##

Additionally, R1 R2, R3 and R4 are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups. X1 and X2 are different and at least one is a Cl and the other is selected from the group consisting of: H, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer unit C and at least two out of the three monomer units A, B, and D. In the random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

B comprises

##STR00002##

D comprises

##STR00003##

and C comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 R2, R3, R4, R3′, and R4′ are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups and wherein R3 and R3′ or R4 and R4′ are not equal.

A random copolymer comprising the monomer unit C and at least two out of the three monomer units A, B, and D. In the random copolymer A comprises

##STR00001##

B comprises

##STR00002##

D comprises

##STR00003##

and C comprises an aryl group. Additionally, R1 R2, R3, R4, R3′, and R4′ are side chains independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, ester, ketone and aryl groups and wherein R3 and R3′ or R4 and R4′ are not equal.

Various photocrosslinkable electrochromic polymers are disclosed. The polymers are suitable for an electrochromic layer of an electrochromic device. The polymers are formed with a two-step synthesis method that includes forming a polymer precursor with one or more chromophore blocks, and mixing the polymer precursor with photocrosslinkable monomer units to form the polymer.

Various photocrosslinkable electrochromic polymers are disclosed. The polymers are suitable for an electrochromic layer of an electrochromic device. The polymers are formed with a two-step synthesis method that includes forming a polymer precursor with one or more chromophore blocks, and mixing the polymer precursor with photocrosslinkable monomer units to form the polymer.

An ion-conducting material, a core-shell structure containing the ion-conducting material, an electrode prepared with the core-shell structure and a metal-ion battery employing the electrode are provided. The core-shell structure includes a core particle and an organic-inorganic composite layer formed on the surface of the core particle for encapsulating the core particle. The core particle includes lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide. Also, the organic-inorganic composite layer includes nitrogen-containing hyperbranched polymer and an ion-conducting material. The ion-conducting material is a lithium-containing linear polymer or a modified Prussian blue, wherein the modified Prussian blue has an ion-conducting group and the lithium-containing linear polymer has an ion-conducting segment.