The present specification relates to a polymer including a first unit of Chemical Formula 1; a second unit of Chemical Formula 2; and a third unit of Chemical Formula 3 or 4, and an organic solar cell including the same.

Provided is a charge transporting composition that gives a charge transporting thin film having high transparency and excellent flatness. Also provided is an organic EL device that exhibits excellent characteristics.

A charge transporting thin film prepared using a composition containing a polythiophene compound, metal oxide nanoparticles, a nonionic fluorine-containing surfactant and an organic solvent has high transparency and excellent flatness, and use of the charge transporting thin film as a hole injection layer allows an organic EL device having excellent characteristics to be obtained.

New polymers with that have polyesters grafted onto polynorbornene backbones have been synthesized. When these grafted polymers are combined with electrolyte salts, such polymer electrolytes have shown excellent electrochemical oxidation stability in lithium battery cells. Their stability along with their excellent ionic transport properties make these grafted polyesters especially suitable as electrolytes in high energy density lithium battery cells.

One embodiment relates to a charge transport polymer containing a molecular chain and terminal groups bonded to the molecular chain, wherein the terminal groups include a terminal group P containing a polymerizable functional group and a terminal group EW containing an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with an electron-withdrawing substituent, the terminal group P includes a terminal group represented by formula (P1) shown below, and among the carbon atoms contained in the ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon group, if the carbon atom that is bonded to the molecular chain is numbered 1, and numbers are assigned in order to the adjoining carbon atoms, then the electron-withdrawing substituent is bonded to a carbon atom numbered 1+2n (wherein n is an integer of 1 or greater).

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One embodiment relates to a charge transport polymer containing a molecular chain and terminal groups bonded to the molecular chain, wherein the terminal groups include a terminal group P containing a polymerizable functional group and a terminal group B containing an aromatic hydrocarbon group substituted with a branched or cyclic substituent, and among the carbon atoms contained in the ring of the aromatic hydrocarbon group, if the carbon atom that is bonded to the molecular chain is numbered 1, and numbers are assigned in order to the adjoining carbon atoms, then the branched or cyclic substituent is bonded to a carbon atom numbered 1+2n (wherein n is an integer of 1 or greater).

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising: providing a semiconductor device substrate having a relief image on a surface of the substrate, the relief image having a plurality of gaps to be filled; applying a coating composition to the relief image to provide a coating layer, wherein the coating composition comprises (i) a polyarylene oligomer comprising as polymerized units one or more first monomers having two or more cyclopentadienone moieties and one or more second monomers having an aromatic moiety and two or more alkynyl moieties; wherein the polyarylene oligomer has a M.sub.w of 1000 to 6000 Da, a PDI of 1 to 2, and a molar ratio of total first monomers to total second monomers of 1:>1; and (ii) one or more organic solvents; curing the coating layer to form a polyarylene film; patterning the polyarylene film; and transferring the pattern to the semiconductor device substrate.

The present invention provides a. coating-type composition for forming an. organic film containing: a polymer having a structure shown by the following general formula (1) as a partial structure; and an organic solvent, where in the formula (1), ring structures Ar1 and Ar2 represent a benzene rive or a naphthalene ring optionally having a substituent, and W.sub.1 represents an aryl croup having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally having a substituent. This provides a coating-type composition for forming an organic film that can. form an organic film having high pattern-curving resistance and high dry-etching resistance, the composition being excellent in solvent solubility and having a low generation of defects.

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A conjugated polymer that is an electron donor, that is soluble without aggregation, that is solution-coatable and is dryable at a temperature below 70° C., that has an energy conversion efficiency of 7 % or more over an area of 5 cm.sup.2 or more, and that is composed of a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1A below: ##STR00001## where x is a real number from 0.1 to 0.2; and n is an integer from 1 to 1,000. The conjugated polymer forms a uniform thin film over a large area of, for example, an organic solar cell, without a heat treatment due to superior solubility and crystallinity at low temperature and, thus, allows fabrication of an organic solar cell with high efficiency at a low temperature.

A conductive polymer material is provided that includes an electrically conducting monomer and a zwitterionic sulfate chemically attached to the monomer. The electrically conducting monomer is at least one of acetylene, pyrrole, thiophene, phenylenevinylene, paraphenylene and aniline. The zwitterionic sulfonate includes an imidazolium group or an ammonium group. A solid-state battery is also provided that includes the conductive polymer material in an electrode. The solid-state battery includes an anode, a cathode and a solid electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. At least one of the anode and the cathode includes the conductive polymer material.

An organic photovoltaic device comprises a first electrode, a first carrier transporting layer, an active layer, a second carrier transporting layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode is a transparent electrode. The active layer includes a conjugated polymer material, which includes a structure of formula I:

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wherein R0, R0′, R0″, R0′″, Y1 and Y2 can be the same or different from each other, and independently selected from one of the following groups and their derivatives: C1˜C30 alkyl, C3˜C30 branched alkyl, C1˜C30 silyl, C2˜C30 ester, C1˜C30 alkoxy, C1˜C30 alkylthio, C1˜C30 haloalkyl, C2˜C30 olefin, C2˜C30 alkyne, C2˜C30 carbon chain containing cyano, C1˜C30 carbon chain containing nitro, C1˜C30 carbon chain containing hydroxyl, C3˜C30 carbon chain containing keto, halogen, cyano, and hydrogen. The organic photovoltaic device of the present invention has good power conversion efficiency.