Poly(aryl alkylene) polymers or poly(aryl-crown ether-alkylene) polymers with pendant cationic groups are provided which have an alkaline-stable cation, such as imidazolium, introduced into a rigid aromatic polymer backbone free of ether bonds. Hydroxide exchange membranes or hydroxide exchange ionomers formed from these polymers exhibit superior chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, decreased water uptake, good solubility in selected solvents, and improved mechanical properties in an ambient dry state as compared to conventional hydroxide exchange membranes or ionomers. Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells and hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzers comprising the poly(aryl alkylene) polymers or poly(aryl-crown ether-alkylene) polymers with pendant cationic groups exhibit enhanced performance and durability at relatively high temperatures.

A phase difference film formed of a resin containing a polymer having crystallizability, wherein: an NZ factor thereof is less than 1.0; and a haze thereof is less than 1.0%.

Elastic Parylene films produced via chemical vapor deposition polymerization (CVDP) on a substrate are disclosed.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a composition containing a latent catalyst and a compound capable of generating a Bronsted acid with a counterion capable of coordinating and activating the latent catalyst along with one or more monomers which undergo ring open metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and one or more multi-functional crosslinkable molecules when said composition is exposed to a suitable radiation forms a three-dimensional (3D) object. The catalyst system employed therein can be sensitive to oxygen and thus inhibits polymerization in ambient atmospheric conditions. The three-dimensional objects made by this process exhibits improved mechanical properties, particularly, high distortion temperature, impact strength, elongation to break, among others. Accordingly, compositions of this invention are useful as 3D inkjet materials for forming high impact strength objects of various sizes with microscale features lower than 100 microns, among various other uses.

A cycloolefin ring-opened copolymer including a structural unit derived from a monocyclic olefin and a structural unit derived from a norbornene compound, wherein a difference (ΔTg) between an extrapolated glass transition ending temperature (Teg) and an extrapolated glass transition initiating temperature (Tig) obtained according to JIS K7121 is 30° C. or less, and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 50,000 to 1,000,000 is provided.

A ring-opened copolymer including structural units derived from a norbornene compound having a specific structure and structural units derived from a monocyclic olefin, wherein the proportion of the structural units derived from a norbornene compound is 25 to 90 wt % and the proportion of the structural units derived from a monocyclic olefin is 10 to 75 wt % relative to the total repeating structural units in the ring-opened copolymer, the weight average molecular weight of the ring-opened copolymer is 100,000 to 1,000,000, and the cis/trans ratio of the ring-opened copolymer is 0/100 to 50/50.

A ring-opened copolymer composition comprising a ring-opened copolymer containing structural unit derived from a norbornene compound represented by general formula (1) below and structural unit derived from a monocyclic olefin, wherein a content of a norbornene compound represented by general formula (1) is 1 ppm by weight or more and 1000 ppm by weight or less based on the ring-opened copolymer is provided.

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituent containing a halogen atom, a silicon atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, and “m” is 0 or 1.

Chemically inert, mechanically tough, cationic metallo-polyelectrolytes designed as durable anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cobaltocenium-containing cyclooctene with triazole as the only linker group, followed by backbone hydrogenation to provide a new class of AEMs with a polyethylene-like framework and alkaline-stable cobaltocenium cation for ion transport, which exhibit excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, as well as high ion conductivity.

The present disclosure describes functional oligomers or functional polymers. The functional oligomers or functional polymers may contain functional groups, e.g., —OH and/or —CHO. The functional oligomers or functional polymers may be obtained from hydrolyzing certain copolymers and may be soluble in commercially available solvents. The copolymers may be thermosetting polymers. The functional oligomers and functional polymers may be useful for recycling thermosetting polymers and may be useful as starting materials for preparing additional oligomers or polymers.