An ion exchange membrane is provided which includes an ion exchange polymer that is partially cross-linked. The partially cross-linked ion exchange polymer will be more stable and will not be washed out over time. The ion exchange polymer may be UV or chemically cross-linked, wherein a cross-linking compound is added to the ion exchange polymer either before or after coupling to a support material. A support material may be made of, or be coated with, a cross-linking compound and the support material may initiate cross-linking proximal to the support material. The support material may be made of a material that chemically bonds with the ionomer.

[Problem] To provide a gel which can be produced in a short time, has controlled properties such as modulus and expansion pressure, and has a low polymer concentration.

[Solution] A process for producing a polymer gel in which gel-precursor clusters have been crosslinked with one another to form a three-dimensional network structure, characterized by comprising a) a step in which monomer or polymer units that are present in a concentration less than a critical gelation concentration are crosslinked to form the gel-precursor clusters, the gel-precursor clusters having a storage modulus G and a loss modulus G which satisfy the relationship G<G, and b) a step in which the gel-precursor clusters are crosslinked with one another by a crosslinking agent to obtain a gel having a three-dimensional network structure.

Radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film and preparation method, and related encapsulation method and encapsulation assembly are provided. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation is prepared by preparing a film after mixing polyolefin raw materials together; using a radiation energy source to irradiate the film, wherein the radiation energy source directly stimulate a crosslinking reaction of the polyolefin raw materials; adjusting an irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that a crosslinking degree of a pre-crosslinked portion of the film reaches about 3 % to about 95%; and adjusting the irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that the pre-crosslinked portion of the film has a thickness of about 5% to about 100% by a total thickness of the film, wherein: that the pre-crosslinked portion has the thickness of about 100% by the total thickness of the film means the film is all pre-crosslinked.

A cured elastomer golf ball component is made by heating an elastomer compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated elastomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and first and second free radical initiators to a first crosslinking temperature T.sub.1 in a compression mold and partially crosslinking the elastomer, then heating to a second crosslinking temperature T.sub.2 and curing the elastomer component of the golf ball. Either: (i) the first initiator has a half-life of about 0.2-5 minutes at T.sub.1, the second initiator has a half-life of about 0.2-5 minutes at T.sub.2, and T.sub.2 is higher T.sub.1 by at least about 30 C.; or (ii) the second initiator's one-minute half-life temperature is at least about 30 C. higher than the first initiator's one-minute half-life temperature, T.sub.1 is within about 20 C. of the first initiator's one-minute half-life temperature, and T.sub.2 is within about 20 C. of the second initiator's one-minute half-life temperature.

Expanded rubber articles (11) and processes for making such, comprising: partially curing an expandable rubber formulation (2) by heating it in a first mould cavity (1) to form a moulded blank (3); releasing the moulded blank (3) from the first mould cavity (1) and allowing the moulded blank (5) to expand to form an expanded moulded blank (4); and further curing and expanding the expanded moulded blank (4) by heating it to form the expanded rubber article (11) comprising an expanded rubber part (6), wherein the expanded moulded blank (4) is heated in a second mould cavity (5). Optionally, the expanded moulded blank (4) is contacted with a further rubber formulation (7) and a substrate comprising a base material (9) and an elastomer bonding layer (8) in the second mould cavity (5) to form an expanded rubber article additionally comprising a solid rubber part (10) and a substrate (8, 9).

Embodiments of the invention provide a method for producing a multilayer coated film which involves obtaining a first layered body by forming, on a film substrate, a wet-coated film including a coating material (A) containing an active energy ray-curable resin which contains a first photopolymerization initiator and a second photopolymerization initiator, the reaction wavelengths of which differ from one another; and forming a pre-cured coated film including the coating material (A) in a dry-to-the-touch state by preliminarily curing the wet-coated film including the coating material (A), by irradiating the first layered body with active energy rays which include the reaction wavelength of the first photopolymerization initiator and do not include the reaction wavelength of the second photopolymerization initiator. The method further includes obtaining a second layered body by forming a wet-coated film including a coating material (B) on the pre-cured coated film including the coating material (A); and obtaining the multilayer coated film by fully curing the pre-cured coated film including the coating material (A) by irradiating the second layered body with active energy rays including the reaction wavelength of the second photopolymerization initiator.

The present invention relates to: a coating composition; a plastic film prepared by using the same; and a preparation method therefor, and more specifically to a coating composition capable of forming a plastic film exhibiting high hardness and excellent processability; a plastic film being prepared by using the same and exhibiting a three-dimensional structure; and a preparation method thereof.

A method for making a thermoplastic material includes: (a) partially crosslinking an elastomer composition at a first crosslinking temperature to form a thermoplastic, partially crosslinked elastomer composition; (b) mixing a thermoplastic polymer composition with the thermoplastic, partially crosslinked elastomer composition and heating the mixture to a second crosslinking temperature higher than the first crosslinking temperature, wherein the thermoplastic polymer composition is liquid at the second crosslinking temperature; and (c) continuously mixing the mixture while further crosslinking the elastomer composition to form a thermoplastic material having a dispersed phase of crosslinked elastomer composition in the thermoplastic polymer composition. The elastomer composition may include an elastomer compounded with a curing agent and optionally additional components. A thermoplastic material resulting from this process may be molded or shaped by any method used for forming thermoplastic materials into articles, such as molding, extrusion, or thermoforming.

A method for producing a rubber-plastic composite, including the steps of (a) shaping an unvulcanized elastomer, (b) partially vulcanizing the shaped elastomer at a temperature of at least 140 C. up to a degree of vulcanization in the range from 10% to 40%, (c) cooling the partially vulcanized elastomer to a temperature of less than 100 C. within less than 20 minutes, (d) overmolding the partially vulcanized elastomer with a plastic, and (e) heat treating the partially vulcanized elastomer overmolded with a plastic at a temperature in the range from 100 C. to 170 C. for a duration of from 5 minutes to 5 hours to complete the vulcanization and form a rubber-plastic composite. The method further relates to a rubber-plastic composite obtainable by the method according to the invention and also to a shoe comprising the rubber-plastic composite obtainable by the method according to the invention.

A fluorescent material-containing sealing resin (20) production method of the present invention includes: a kneading step of kneading a powder mixture (24), which has been obtained by mixing a powder of silicone resins (21) and a powder of fluorescent materials (22) together, while melting the powder mixture (24) by heat, so that a kneaded mixture (25) is obtained; and an extruding step of extruding the kneaded mixture (25) in a form of a cord from an output port (37b) of a twin screw extruder (37).