Radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film and preparation method, and related encapsulation method and encapsulation assembly

Abstract

Radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film and preparation method, and related encapsulation method and encapsulation assembly are provided. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation is prepared by preparing a film after mixing polyolefin raw materials together; using a radiation energy source to irradiate the film, wherein the radiation energy source directly stimulate a crosslinking reaction of the polyolefin raw materials; adjusting an irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that a crosslinking degree of a pre-crosslinked portion of the film reaches about 3 % to about 95%; and adjusting the irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that the pre-crosslinked portion of the film has a thickness of about 5% to about 100% by a total thickness of the film, wherein: that the pre-crosslinked portion has the thickness of about 100% by the total thickness of the film means the film is all pre-crosslinked.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation, comprising: preparing a film after mixing polyolefin raw materials together; using a radiation energy source to irradiate the film, wherein the radiation energy source includes one or more of ? rays, ? rays, X rays, ? rays, and neutron rays and directly stimulates a crosslinking reaction of the polyolefin raw materials; adjusting an irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that a crosslinking degree of a pre-crosslinked portion of the film reaches about 3% to about 95%; and adjusting the irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that the pre-crosslinked portion of the film has a thickness of about 5% to about 100% by a total thickness of the film, wherein: that the pre-crosslinked portion has the thickness of about 100% by the total thickness of the film means the film is all pre-crosslinked.

2. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 1, wherein: the pre-crosslinked portion in the film forms at least one surface layer of the film.

3. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the film after mixing the polyolefin raw materials together includes: using a T-shaped flat mold to extrude for forming the film, or using two casting rollers for forming the film.

4. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 3, wherein: a temperature for forming the film is about 70? C. to about 200? C., and a mold temperature is about 70? C. to about 200? C.

5. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 1, wherein: the step of adjusting the irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source is performed on the film that is laminated or expanded.

6. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 1, wherein: the film is a polyolefin film including an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) resin film.

7. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 6, wherein the EVA resin film includes: an EVA resin of about 51 parts to about 99.58 parts by weight, organic peroxide crosslinking agents of about 0.3 part to about 2 parts by weight, assistant crosslinking agents of about 0.01 part to about 5 parts by weight, antioxidants of about 0.1 part to about 2 parts by weight, silane coupling agents of about 0.01 part to about 2 parts by weight, pigments of about 0 part to 40 parts by weight, and a polyolefin elastomer of about 0 part to about 40 parts by weight; and wherein: the irradiation dosage is about 0.2 KGY to about 100 KGY, and when the film is all pre-crosslinked, the crosslinking degree of the EVA resin film is about 5% to about 74%.

8. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 7, wherein: the radiation pre-crosslinked EVA resin film includes a single layer, double layers, or multiple layers that are co-extruded, and the radiation pre-crosslinked EVA resin film has a thickness of about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm.

9. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 7, wherein: the organic peroxide crosslinking agents include one or more of dialkyl peroxides, alkyl aryl peroxides, diaryl peroxides, hydrogen peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxy esters, ketone peroxide, peroxycarbonate, and peroxy ketals.

10. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 7, wherein: the assistant crosslinking agents include one or more of acrylics, methacrylics, acrylamides, allyls, and epoxy compounds.

11. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 1, wherein: the film includes a polyolefin film including a polyolefin elastomer film.

12. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 11, wherein the polyolefin elastomer film includes: a polyolefin elastomer of about 69 parts to about 99.8 parts by weight, assistant crosslinking agents of about 0.01 part to about 5 parts by weight, antioxidants of about 0.01 part to about 2 parts by weight, silane coupling agents of about 0 part to about 2 parts by weight, organic peroxide crosslinking agents of about 0 part to about 2 parts by weight, and pigments of about 0 part to about 20 parts by weight, wherein: the polyolefin elastomer includes one or more copolymers of ethylene with one or more of butene, pentene, hexene, and octene, when the film is all pre-crosslinked, the crosslinking degree of the polyolefin elastomer film is about 3% to about 70%, and the irradiation dosage is about 10 KGY to about 200 KGY.

13. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 12, wherein: the assistant crosslinking agent includes one or more of triallyl isocyanurate, cyanuric acid triallyl, trimethylol propane triacrylate, and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate.

14. The method for preparing the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 12, wherein: the organic peroxide crosslinking agents include one or more of dicumyl peroxide, peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate t-butyl, and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexyl.

15. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation prepared by the method according to claim 1, wherein: the crosslinked portion of a polyolefin film formed after the irradiation by the radiation energy source has a thickness of about 5% to about 100% by the total thickness of the polyolefin film, that the pre-crosslinked portion has the thickness of about 100% by the total thickness of the polyolefin film means the polyolefin film is all pre-crosslinked, and the pre-crosslinked portion has a crosslinking degree of about 3% to about 95%.

16. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 15, wherein: the crosslinked portion in the polyolefin film is a surface layer of the polyolefin film.

17. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 15, wherein: the polyolefin film is an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) resin film.

18. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 17, wherein the EVA resin film includes: an EVA resin of about 51 parts to about 99.58 parts by weight, organic peroxide crosslinking agents of about 0.3 part to about 2 parts by weight, assistant crosslinking agents of about 0.01 part to about 5 parts by weight, antioxidants of about 0.1 part to about 2 parts by weight, silane coupling agents of about 0.01 part to about 2 parts by weight, pigments of about 0 part to 40 parts by weight, and a polyolefin elastomer of about 0 part to about 40 parts by weight; and wherein: when the film is all pre-crosslinked, the crosslinking degree of the EVA resin film is about 5% to about 74%.

19. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 17, wherein: the radiation pre-crosslinked EVA resin film includes a single layer, double layers, or multiple layers that are co-extruded, and the radiation pre-crosslinked EVA resin film has a thickness of about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm.

20. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the EVA resin film contains VA of about 20% to about 35% by weight.

21. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the organic peroxide crosslinking agents include one or more of dialkyl peroxides, alkyl aryl peroxides, diaryl peroxides, hydrogen peroxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxy esters, ketone peroxide, peroxycarbonate, and peroxy ketals.

22. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the assistant crosslinking agents include one or more of acrylics, methacrylics, acrylamides, allyls, and epoxy compounds.

23. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the antioxidants include one or more of light stabilizers, UV absorbers, and thermal oxidative aging decomposers.

24. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the silane coupling agent includes an organic silicon compound that contains two chemical groups having different chemical properties.

25. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the pigments are additives capable of changing a color of the EVA resin film, and the pigments include one or more of carbon blacks, lithopone, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide, and glass beads.

26. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the polyolefin elastomer includes a carbon-carbon chain resin that is mixed with EVA, and the polyolefin elastomer includes one or more of a low-density polyethylene, a copolymer of ethylene and butene, and a copolymer of ethylene and octene.

27. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 18, wherein: the polyolefin film is a polyolefin elastomer film.

28. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 15, wherein the polyolefin elastomer film includes: a polyolefin elastomer of about 69 parts to about 99.8 parts by weight, assistant crosslinking agents of about 0.01 part to about 5 parts by weight, antioxidants of about 0.01 part to about 2 parts by weight, silane coupling agents of about 0 part to about 2 parts by weight, organic peroxide crosslinking agents of about 0 part to about 2 parts by weight, and pigments of about 0 part to about 20 parts by weight, wherein: the polyolefin elastomer includes one or more copolymers of ethylene with one or more of butene, pentene, hexene, and octene, and when the film is all pre-crosslinked, the crosslinking degree of the polyolefin elastomer film is about 3% to about 70%.

29. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 27, wherein: the pre-crosslinked polyolefin elastomer film has a thickness of about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm.

30. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 28, wherein: the polyolefin elastomer is grafted by a polar group, or the polyolefin elastomer and the polar group are not grafted, and when forming the film, the polar group is added as a small molecule additive.

31. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 28, wherein: the assistant crosslinking agent includes one or more of triallyl isocyanurate, cyanuric acid triallyl, trimethylol propane triacrylate, and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate.

32. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 28, wherein: the antioxidants include one or more of phenolic antioxidants, hindered amine antioxidants, phosphorous acids, benzophenone, and benzotriazoles including [?-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid], pentaerythritol ester, sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)ester, N,N-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, and a combination thereof.

33. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 28, wherein: the silane coupling agent includes an organic silicon compound which contains two chemical groups having different chemical properties.

34. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 28, wherein: the organic peroxide crosslinking agents include thermal crosslinking organic peroxide crosslinking agents used for plastics, and the organic peroxide crosslinking agents include one or more of dicumyl peroxide, peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate t-butyl, and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexyl.

35. The radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film for encapsulation according to claim 28, wherein: the pigments are additives capable of changing a color of the EVA resin film, and the pigments include one or more of carbon blacks, lithopone, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide, and glass beads.

36. An encapsulation method of using a radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film, comprising: preparing a film after mixing polyolefin raw materials together; using a radiation energy source to irradiate the film, wherein the radiation energy source includes one or more of ? rays, ? rays, X rays, ? rays, and neutron rays and directly stimulates a crosslinking reaction of the polyolefin raw materials; adjusting an irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that a crosslinking degree of a pre-crosslinked portion of the film reaches about 3% to about 95%; adjusting the irradiation dosage of the radiation energy source, such that the pre-crosslinked portion of the film has a thickness of about 5% to about 100% by a total thickness of the film, wherein: that the pre-crosslinked portion has the thickness of about 100% by the total thickness of the film means the film is all pre-crosslinked; placing the film between a front protective layer and an encapsulation substrate, and forming an encapsulation assembly with an encapsulated body, wherein the pre-crosslinked portion of the film is in contact with the encapsulated body; and heating the encapsulation assembly to further crosslink the film to complete the encapsulation.

37. The encapsulation method of using the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film according to claim 36, wherein: the pre-crosslinked portion in the film includes at least one surface layer of the film.

38. The encapsulation method of using the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film according to claim 36, wherein the step of preparing the film after mixing the polyolefin raw materials together includes: using a T-shaped flat mold to extrude for forming the film, or using two casting rollers for forming the film.

39. The encapsulation method of using the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film according to claim 38, wherein: a temperature for forming the film is about 70? C. to about 200? C., and a mold temperature is about 70? C. to about 200? C.

40. The encapsulation method of using the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film according to claim 36, wherein: the irradiation of the radiation energy source is performed on a reel of the polyolefin film or on an expanded polyolefin film.

41. An encapsulation assembly formed by the encapsulation method of using the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film according to claim 36, wherein: the polyolefin film is placed between the front protective layer and the encapsulation substrate, the polyolefin film and the encapsulated body are included in the encapsulation assembly, and the pre-crosslinked portion of the polyolefin film is in contact with the encapsulated body.

42. The encapsulation assembly formed by the encapsulation method of using the radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film according to claim 37, wherein: the encapsulation substrate is glass, ceramic, or plastic.

43. The encapsulation assembly according to claim 41, wherein: the encapsulated body includes one or more of a crystalline silicon solar cell, a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), and a display device.

44. The encapsulation assembly according to claim 41, wherein: the film includes two layers placed between the front protective layer and the encapsulation substrate, at least one of the two layers is the pre-crosslinked film, and the encapsulated body is placed between the two layers.

45. The encapsulation assembly according to claim 41, wherein: the front protective layer is a transparent protective layer including a transparent glass, a transparent ceramics, or a transparent plastic.

46. The encapsulation assembly according to claim 41, wherein: the film includes a layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film and a layer of pre-crosslinked EVA film, and the layer of the EVA film is placed adjacent to the front protective layer.

47. The encapsulation assembly according to claim 44, wherein each of the two layers is a pre-crosslinked polyolefin elastomer (POE) film.

48. The encapsulation assembly according to claim 41, wherein: the encapsulation substrate is glass, ceramic, or plastic.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The following drawings are merely examples for illustrative purposes according to various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary encapsulation assembly using radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film in accordance with various embodiments in the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates another exemplary encapsulation assembly using radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film in accordance with various embodiments in the present disclosure; and

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates another exemplary encapsulation assembly using radiation pre-crosslinked polyolefin film in accordance with various embodiments in the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

(6) Embodiment 1

(7) TABLE-US-00001 Weight Ingredient percentage Ethylene - butene copolymer 99 3-aminopropyltriethyloxy silane (KH550) 0.4 triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 0.5 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 0.1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010)

(8) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.3 mm, the length is 100 m for a single reel. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked film up.

(9) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked film are expanded and placed under an X-ray generator. The radiation dosage of irradiation is 200 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 60%-70%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into pieces according to the size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized, and then heated to 200? C. for 10 minutes. The resulting degree of crosslinking can reach to more than 95%. The adhesive force between the pre-crosslinked film and glass is more than 75 N/cm. This pre-crosslinked film overflows out of the edge of the double-glazing for less than 5 mm.

(10) Five pieces of A4-sized pre-crosslinked films and five pieces of A4-sized uncrosslinked films are respectively folded and placed in an oven at 35? C. Weights of 1000 g are placed on the films. After 24 hours, the pre-crosslinked films and uncrosslinked films are taken out to compare the adhesions there-between. As the result, the adhesion between the radiation pre-crosslinked films is remarkably less than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(11) Five pieces of stripe-shaped pre-crosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) and five pieces of stripe-shaped uncrosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) are compared in tensile-strength. As the result, the tensile-strength of radiation crosslinked films is higher than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(12) Embodiment 2

(13) TABLE-US-00002 Weight Ingredient percentage Ethylene-hexene copolymer grafted by vinyl- 58 trimethoxy-silican(A-171), grafting 0.6% Titanium dioxide 40 TMPTMA 1 Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-butyl (TBEC) 0.8 Sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) ester 0.2 (Anti-oxide agent 770)

(14) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.6 mm, the length is 100 m for a single reel. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked film up.

(15) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked film are expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator having electronic accelerator energy of 10 MeV, and having a radiation dosage of 100 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 50%-70%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into pieces according to the size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized, and then heated to 200? C. for 10 minutes. The resulting degree of crosslinking can reach to more than 95%. The adhesive force between the pre-crosslinked film and glass is more than 75 N/cm.

(16) Five pieces of A4-sized pre-crosslinked films and five pieces of A4-sized uncrosslinked films are respectively folded and placed in an oven at 35? C. Weights of 1000 g are placed on the films. After 24 hours, the pre-crosslinked films and uncrosslinked films are taken out to compare the adhesions there-between. As the result, the adhesion between the radiation pre-crosslinked films is remarkably less than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(17) Five pieces of stripe-shaped pre-crosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) and five pieces of stripe-shaped uncrosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) are compared in tensile-strength. As the result, the tensile-strength of radiation crosslinked films is higher than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(18) Embodiment 3

(19) TABLE-US-00003 Weight Ingredient percentage Ethylene-octene copolymer 40 Ethylene- hexene copolymer 40 zinc sulfide 16.5 Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 1 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) 1 Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 1 N,N-disuccinic sec-butyl-p- 0.5 phenylenediamine (anti-oxide agent 4720)

(20) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.7 mm, the length is 20 m for a single reel. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked film up.

(21) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked film are expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator having electronic accelerator energy of 5 MeV, and having a radiation dosage of 10 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 3%-9%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into pieces according to the size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized, and then heated to 200? C. for 10 minutes. The resulting degree of crosslinking can reach to more than 95%. The adhesive force between the pre-crosslinked film and glass is more than 90 N/cm.

(22) Five pieces of A4-sized pre-crosslinked films and five pieces of A4-sized uncrosslinked films are respectively folded and placed in an oven at 35? C. Weights of 1000 g are placed on the films. After 24 hours, the pre-crosslinked films and uncrosslinked films are taken out to compare the adhesions there-between. As the result, the adhesion between the radiation pre-crosslinked films is remarkably less than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(23) Five pieces of stripe-shaped pre-crosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) and five pieces of stripe-shaped uncrosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) are compared in tensile-strength. As the result, the tensile-strength of radiation crosslinked films is higher than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(24) Embodiment 4

(25) TABLE-US-00004 Weight Ingredient percentage Ethylene-hexene copolymer 94 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) 0.4 Titanium dioxide 5 Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 0.5 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 0.1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010)

(26) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.6 mm, the length is 400 m for a single reel. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked film up.

(27) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked film are expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator, then reeled onto another 3-inch paper core, and then radiated at a radiation dosage of 200 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 60%-68%. The pre-crosslinked film is placed on a backside of the double glazing solar module cells. The crosslinked surface is placed to the side of the cell, and the uncrosslinked surface is placed under and in contact with the lower layer of the glass. The front of the cell is covered with a normal transparent polyolefin elastomer film. After placing the formed solar module cells with the pre-crosslinked film between two pieces of glass having a same size, together the entire workpiece is then placed into a laminating machine used to produce the solar photovoltaic modules, vacuumed for 6 minutes, meanwhile heated to 200? C., and pressurized for 15 minutes, until the resulting degree of cross-linking can reach more than 95%. In the laminated layer, the pulling force between the pre-crosslinked film and glass is greater than 50 N/cm. The interface between the pre-cross-linked film and the transparent polyolefin elastomer film that is on the cell is clear. The lower film of the pre-crosslinked film does not migrate to the top surface of the cell of the solar module cell.

(28) Embodiment 5

(29) The formula of EVA film is shown in the table below.

(30) TABLE-US-00005 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 25% 51.5 Ethylene - butene copolymer polyolefin elastomer 40 Titanium dioxide 5 Trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) 1 Dicumyl peroxide 1 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.5

(31) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked EVA film's thickness is 0.1 mm, and the length is 100 m for a single reel. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(32) The reeled EVA film is expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator, then reeled onto another 3-inch paper core, and then irradiated by an electron beam having accelerator energy of 100 keV and electron beam radiation dosage of 0.2 KGY. Radiation pre-crosslinked film is obtained after radiation. The thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 50% of the total thickness of the film. The pre-crosslinked EVA film is placed on a backside of the double glazing solar module cells. The crosslinked surface is placed to the side of the cell, and the uncrosslinked surface is placed under and in contact with the lower layer of the glass. The front side of the cell is covered with a normal transparent EVA film. After placing the formed solar module cells with the pre-crosslinked EVA film between two pieces of glass having a same size, together the entire workpiece is then placed into a laminating machine used to produce the solar photovoltaic modules, vacuumed for 6 minutes, meanwhile heated to 150? C., and pressurized and laminated for 15 minutes. In the laminated layer, the pulling force between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and glass is greater than 70 N/cm. The interface between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and the transparent EVA film that is on the cell is clear. The lower film of the pre-crosslinked film does not migrate to the top surface of the cell of the solar module cell.

(33) Embodiment 6

(34) This embodiment includes double-layer-coextruded EVA film having one transparent EVA layer and one black EVA layer. The formula of each of two EVA layers is shown below.

(35) TABLE-US-00006 Weight percentage Transparent EVA layer ingredient EVA resin, VA content 33% 97 Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 1 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane 0.5 N,N-disuccinic sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine 0.5 (anti-oxide agent 4720) 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2)-4,6-2(1-methyl-1- 0.2 phenylethyl) phenol Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.8 Black EVA layer ingredient EVA resin, VA content 28% 92.8 Carbon black 5 Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 0.4 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane 0.5 N,N-disuccinic sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine 0.5 (anti-oxide agent 4720) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.8

(36) The fully mixed transparent EVA layer component and the fully mixed black EVA layer component are added into two barrels of double layer coextruding extruder set (including two extruders), the temperature of the extrusion is 100? C., the temperature of distributor is 100? C. and the temperature of the mold is 102? C. The mixture is melted by the extruder, entered into the distributor and the T-shaped flat mold to form an EVA film, which is then reeled up.

(37) The uncrosslinked EVA film is expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator. The transparent EVA layer in the EVA film faces the ?-ray generator for radiation. After the irradiation, 3-inch paper core is used to reel the EVA film. The radiation pre-crosslinked EVA resin co-extruded film is then obtained. The EVA film has a film thickness of 0.7 mm and a single roll length of 300 m. The accelerator energy is 500 keV and the radiation dosage is 50 KGY. The thickness of the pre-crosslinked portion is 100% of the total thickness of the film. The two layers of the pre-crosslinked EVA film are carefully separated by a knife and the crosslinking degree of the transparent layer is measured and the crosslinking degree reaches between 45%-55%. The EVA film is cut into a size of photovoltaic module. A layered structure of glass/cells/double-layer co-extruded EVA film/back sheet are vacuumed and laminated under 148? C. having a vacuum time of 5 minutes and the laminating time of 12 minutes. After laminating, a photovoltaic module, viewed black from glass side to the bottom side and viewed white from back sheet side to a side, is obtained. The interface between black surface and transparent surface has not turnover or other exterior defects.

(38) Embodiment 7

(39) The formula of EVA film is shown below.

(40) TABLE-US-00007 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 25% 60 Ethylene - butene copolymer polyolefin elastomer 31.5 Titanium dioxide 5 Trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) 1 Dicumyl peroxide 1 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.5

(41) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 2 mm, and a single reel length is 200 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(42) The uncrosslinked EVA film is expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator, and then reeled to another 3-inch paper core. The radiation is electron beam radiation having accelerator energy of 300 keV and an electron beam radiation dosage of 30 KGY. The radiation pre-crosslinked film is obtained after radiation. The film thickness of the pre-crosslinked portion is 30% of the total thickness of the film. The crosslinking degree of the film is measured in a range between 25%-35%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into pieces having a size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized, and then heated to 200? C. for 10 minutes. The adhesive force between the EVA film and glass is larger than 60 N/cm. The EVA film overflows out of the edge of the double-glazing glass is smaller than 5 mm.

(43) Embodiment 8

(44) The formula of EVA film is shown below.

(45) TABLE-US-00008 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 28% 78 Ultrafine barium sulfate 19.5 Cyanuric acid triallyl (TAC) 0.5 Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-butyl 1 (TBEC) Sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) ester 0.5 (Anti-oxide agent 770) 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (A-174) 0.5

(46) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.1 mm, a single reel length is 20 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(47) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked EVA film are expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator having electronic accelerator energy of 500 keV, and having a radiation dosage of 100 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 53%-74%. The pre-crosslinked EVA film is placed on a backside of the double glazing solar module cells. The front side of the cell is covered with a normal transparent EVA film. After placing the formed solar module cells with the pre-crosslinked EVA film between two pieces of glass having a same size, together the entire workpiece is then placed into a laminating machine used to produce the solar photovoltaic modules, vacuumed for 6 minutes, meanwhile heated to 150? C., and pressurized and laminated for 15 minutes. In the laminated layer, the pulling force between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and glass is greater than 70 N/cm. The interface between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and the transparent EVA film that is on the cell is clear. The lower film of the pre-crosslinked film does not migrate to the top surface of the cell of the solar module cell.

(48) Embodiment 9

(49) The formula of EVA film is shown below.

(50) TABLE-US-00009 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 33% 92.5 Carbon black 5 Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 1 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexane 0.5 N,N-disuccinic sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine 0.5 (anti-oxide agent 4720) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.5

(51) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 100? C., and the temperature of the mold is 102? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold and then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked EVA film's thickness is 0.7 mm, and a single reel length is 300 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(52) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked EVA film are expanded and placed under a ?-ray generator, irradiated having a radiation dosage of 100 KGY to form a radiation pre-crosslinked film after radiation. The film thickness of the pre-crosslinked portion is 100% of the total thickness of the film. The crosslinking degree of the EVA film is measured in a range between 35%-55%. The pre-crosslinked EVA film is cut into the size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed, pressurized to laminate, and then heated to 150? C. for 10 minutes, and the crosslinking degree reaches 82%-90%.

(53) Five pieces of pre-crosslinked films and five pieces of uncrosslinked films are respectively folded and placed in an oven at 35? C. Weights of 1000 g are placed on the two stacks of films. After 40 hours, the pre-crosslinked films and uncrosslinked films are taken out. The five stacked pre-crosslinked films may be easily separated, while the five stacked un-crosslinked films with the same formula as for the crosslinked films is seriously adhered together.

(54) Embodiment 10

(55) The formula of EVA film is shown below.

(56) TABLE-US-00010 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 28% 78 Ultrafine barium sulfate 19.5 Cyanuric acid triallyl (TAC) 0.5 Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-butyl 1 (TBEC) Sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) ester 0.5 (Anti-oxide agent 770) 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (A-174) 0.5

(57) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold and then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked EVA film's thickness is 0.1 mm, and a single reel length is 100 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(58) The reeled EVA film is expanded and placed under the ?-ray generator, and then reeled onto another 3-inch paper core. The radiation is ?-ray radiation having a radiation dosage of 0.2 KGY. After the radiation, the thickness of the film on the pre-crosslinked portion is 80% of the total thickness of the film. Since the film is too thin and hard to be peeled off. The crosslinking degree of the whole film is measured and the whole crosslinking degree of the EVA film is between 10%-18%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into a size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized to laminate, and then heated to 150? C. for 10 minutes. The adhesive force between EVA film and glass is larger than 80 N/cm. The EVA film overflows out of the edge of the double-glazing for smaller than 2 mm.

(59) Embodiment 11

(60) The formula of EVA film is shown below.

(61) TABLE-US-00011 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 25% 91.5 Titanium dioxide 5 Trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) 1 Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 1 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.5

(62) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked EVA film's thickness is 0.5 mm, and a single reel length is 20 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(63) The reeled EVA film is expanded and placed under an x-ray generator, then reeled onto another 3-inch paper core, and then irradiated by x-ray having irradiation dosage of 0.2 KGY. Radiation pre-crosslinked film is obtained after radiation. The thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 40% of the total thickness of the film. A top layer of 0.2 mm is used for measuring degree of crosslinking. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 11%-18%. The pre-crosslinked EVA film is placed on a backside of the double glazing solar module cells. The crosslinked surface is placed to the side of the cell, and the uncrosslinked surface is placed under and in contact with the lower layer of the glass. The front side of the cell is covered with a normal transparent EVA film. After placing the formed solar module cells with the pre-crosslinked EVA film between two pieces of glass having a same size, together the entire workpiece is then placed into a laminating machine used to produce the solar photovoltaic modules, vacuumed for 6 minutes, meanwhile heated to 150? C., and pressurized and laminated for 15 minutes. In the laminated layer, the pulling force between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and glass is greater than 70 N/cm. The interface between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and the transparent EVA film that is on the cell is clear. The lower film of the pre-crosslinked film does not migrate to the top surface of the cell of the solar module cell.

(64) Embodiment 12

(65) The formula of EVA film is shown below.

(66) TABLE-US-00012 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 25% 91.5 Titanium dioxide 5 Trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) 1 Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 1 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.5

(67) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.5-mm, and a single reel length is 20 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(68) The uncrosslinked EVA film is expanded and placed under ?-ray generator, and then reeled to another 3-inch paper core. The radiation is ?-ray radiation having a radiation dosage of 0.2 KGY. The radiation pre-crosslinked film is obtained after radiation. The film thickness of the pre-crosslinked portion is 50% of the total thickness of the film. A top layer of 0.2 mm is used for measuring degree of crosslinking. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 15%-22%. The pre-crosslinked EVA film is placed on a backside of the double glazing solar module cells. The crosslinked surface is placed to the side of the cell, and the uncrosslinked surface is placed under and in contact with the lower layer of the glass. The front side of the cell is covered with a normal transparent EVA film. After placing the formed solar module cells with the pre-crosslinked EVA film between two pieces of glass having a same size, together the entire workpiece is then placed into a laminating machine used to produce the solar photovoltaic modules, vacuumed for 6 minutes, meanwhile heated to 150? C., and pressurized and laminated for 15 minutes. In the laminated layer, the pulling force between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and glass is greater than 70 N/cm. The interface between the pre-crosslinked EVA film and the transparent EVA film that is on the cell is clear. The lower film of the pre-crosslinked film does not migrate to the top surface of the cell of the solar module cell.

(69) Embodiment 13

(70) TABLE-US-00013 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 25% 93 Titanium dioxide 5 Trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) 1 Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-butyl (TBEC) 0.8 Sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) ester 0.2 (Anti-oxide agent 770)

(71) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.2 mm, and a single reel length is 50 m. A 6-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked film up.

(72) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked film are expanded and placed under ?-ray generator having electronic accelerator energy of 5 MeV, and having a radiation dosage of 15 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 12%-29%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into pieces according to the size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized, and then heated to 150? C. for 10 minutes. The resulting degree of crosslinking can reach to more than 95%. The adhesive force between the pre-crosslinked film and glass is more than 75 N/cm.

(73) Five pieces of A4-sized pre-crosslinked films and five pieces of A4-sized uncrosslinked films are respectively folded and placed in an oven at 35? C. Weights of 1000 g are placed on the films. After 24 hours, the pre-crosslinked films and uncrosslinked films are taken out to compare adhesions between layers. As the result, the pre-crosslinked films are much less adhered with each other compared with un-crosslinked films.

(74) Five pieces of stripe-shaped pre-crosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) and five pieces of stripe-shaped uncrosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) are compared in tensile-strength. As the result, the tensile-strength of radiation crosslinked films is higher than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(75) Embodiment 14

(76) TABLE-US-00014 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 28% 80 Zinc sulfide 16.5 Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) 1 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) 1 Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) 1 N,N-disuccinic sec-butyl-p- 0.5 phenylenediamine (anti-oxide agent 4720)

(77) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.5 mm, and a single reel length is 30 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked film up.

(78) A reel or multiple reels of the uncrosslinked film are expanded and placed under ?-ray generator having electronic accelerator energy of 10 MeV, and having a radiation dosage of 35 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 20%-50%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into pieces according to the size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized, and then heated to 150? C. for 10 minutes. The resulting degree of crosslinking can reach to more than 90%.

(79) Five pieces of A4-sized pre-crosslinked films and five pieces of A4-sized uncrosslinked films are respectively folded and placed in an oven at 35? C. Weights of 1000 g are placed on the films. After 24 hours, the pre-crosslinked films and uncrosslinked films are taken out to compare adhesions between layers. As the result, the pre-crosslinked films are much less adhered with each other compared with un-crosslinked films.

(80) Five pieces of stripe-shaped pre-crosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) and five pieces of stripe-shaped uncrosslinked films (1 cm?15 cm) are compared in tensile-strength. As the result, the tensile-strength of radiation crosslinked films is higher than that of the un-crosslinked films.

(81) Embodiment 15

(82) TABLE-US-00015 Weight Ingredient percentage Ethylene-hexene copolymer grafted by vinyl- 98 trimethoxy-silican, grafting 0.6% TMPTMA 1 Butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-butyl (TBEC) 0.8 Sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) ester 0.2 (Anti-oxide agent 770)

(83) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold, or are directly rolled into a film using two casting rollers. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked film's thickness is 0.01 mm, and a single reel length is 20 m. A 6-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked polyolefin elastomer film up.

(84) The reeled uncrosslinked polyolefin elastomer film are expanded and placed under ?-ray generator and then reeled onto another 6-inch paper core. The irradiation includes electron beam having electronic accelerator energy of 100 MeV, and having a radiation dosage of 20 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 100% of the total thickness of the film. The degree of crosslinking of the film is measured to be in the range of 21%-28%. Sequentially stacking an opposite substrates (glass substrate having a thickness of 150 ?m)/pre-crosslinked polyolefin elastomer film/organic EL element/substrate (DuPont Teijin Ltd., trade name MelinexS, thickness of 100 ?m) to form a laminated body, the crosslinked surface of the pre-crosslinked polyolefin elastomer membrane is placed to the side of organic EL element, the uncrosslinked surface is disposed on the side of opposite substrate in contact with the substrate. The laminated body as a whole is then placed in the vacuum laminating machine that produces the EL display, heated to 100? C., and pressurized to laminate for one hour. In the laminated material, the drawing force between pre-crosslinked polyolefin elastomer film and the glass substrate is greater than 70 N/cm. The polyolefin elastomer film that overflows the edge of the double-layer substrate is less than 2 mm.

(85) Embodiment 16

(86) TABLE-US-00016 Weight Ingredient percentage EVA resin, VA content 25% 60 Ethylene - butene copolymer polyolefin elastomer 31.5 Titanium dioxide 5 Trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) 1 Dicumyl peroxide 1 4 [?-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] 1 pentaerythritol (anti-oxide agent 1010) Vinyltrimethoxysilane (Silane coupling agent A-171) 0.5

(87) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 110? C., and the temperature of the mold is 110? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold. The film is then reeled up and irradiated to form a pre-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate resin film. The thickness of EVA film is 2 mm, and a single reel length is 200 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the EVA film up.

(88) A reeled EVA film is expanded and placed under an X-ray generator and then reeled onto another 3-inch paper core. The irradiation includes electron beam having accelerator energy of 200 MeV, and having a radiation dosage of 30 KGY. After the irradiation, the thickness of the pre-crosslinked film takes 20% of the total thickness of the film. A top layer of 0.3 mm of the EVA film is used to measure degree of crosslinking, which is measured to be in the range of 20%-35%.

(89) Placing the pre-crosslinked EVA film described in Embodiment 1 on the backside of the double-glazing solar module cell, the crosslinked surface is placed on the side of the cells, the uncrosslinked surface is placed on the lower glass and in contact with glass. The front of the cells is covered with the normal transparent EVA film. The solar module cell with the film is placed between two pieces of glasses with the same size, and then all-together is placed into a laminating machine that produces the solar photovoltaic modules, vacuumed for 6 minutes, meanwhile heated to 200? C., and pressurized for 15 minutes. In the laminate, the adhesive force between the EVA film of Embodiment 1 and the glass is greater than 70 N/cm. The interface between EVA film of Embodiment 1 and EVA film on the upper of the cells is optically clear, the lower film does not migrate to the upper of the cells for the EVA film of Embodiment 1.

(90) Embodiment 17

(91) TABLE-US-00017 Weight Ingredient Percentage EVA resin, VA content of 28% 78 Ultra-fine barium sulfate (4000 mesh) 19.5 Cyanuric acid triallyl (TAC) 0.5 Peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, t-butyl (TBEC) 1 Sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) ester 0.5 (antioxidant 770) 3-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (A-174) 0.5

(92) The above-mentioned components are fully mixed and put into the extruder. The temperature of the extruder is 90? C., and the temperature of the mold is 90? C. The mixed components are extruded into a film by a T-shaped flat mold. The film is then reeled up. The obtained uncrosslinked EVA film's thickness is 0.1 mm, and a single reel length is 100 m. A 3-inch paper core is used to reel the uncrosslinked EVA film up.

(93) The reeled EVA film is expanded and placed under the electron beam generator, and then reeled onto another 3-inch paper core. The radiation is electron beam radiation having accelerator energy of 50 keV and a radiation dosage of 30 KGY. After the radiation, the thickness of the film on the pre-crosslinked portion is 40% of the total thickness of the film. Since the film is too thin and hard to be peeled off. The crosslinking degree of the whole film is measured and the whole crosslinking degree of the EVA film is between 10%-15%. The pre-crosslinked film is cut into a size of the double-glazing and placed between the double-glazing, vacuumed and pressurized to laminate, and then heated to 150? C. for 10 minutes. The adhesive force between EVA film and glass is larger than 80 N/cm. The EVA film overflows out of the edge of the double-glazing for smaller than 2 mm.

(94) Embodiment 18

(95) Various embodiments provide encapsulation assembly using pre-crosslinked polyolefin film. The present disclosure is described using solar photovoltaic cell component as one example of the encapsulation assemblies.

(96) In FIGS. 1 to 3, the exemplary solar photovoltaic cell assembly includes a rear portion encapsulation layer of the front glass 1, a two-layer film between the encapsulation layer and the front glass 1, and at least one layer of the two-layer film is a pre-crosslinked film that is radiated by electron beam, ?-ray, X-ray, an ?-ray and/or neutron ray. The pre-crosslinking degree of the pre-crosslinked film is between 3%-74%. The thickness of pre-crosslinked film is consistent with the common film of the photovoltaic cells, and the thickness is from 0.1 mm to 2 mm. Preferably, the thickness is between 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm.

(97) Compared with non-pre-crosslinked film, the pre-crosslinked film has already formed a certain crosslinked network before using, the heat resistance is greatly improved, the resin of flow is reduced, and a melting temperature increases or disappears. During the lamination process of the component manufacturing, the phenomenon that the film spills around the glass significantly reduces. If a transparent film and a color film are used at the same time, the boundary between the two layers of film is clear.

(98) The crystalline silicon solar cell 2 or CIGS cells (thin-film solar cells) are provided between the layers of the films.

(99) The film includes a layer of EVA film and a layer of pre-crosslinked EVA film, and the EVA film is set near the front glass. The two layers of film are pre-crosslinked POE film.

(100) Rear portion encapsulation layer is backplane or rear glass. Backplane or rear glass, can be thinly conventional photovoltaic modules rear glass or photovoltaic modules backplane, but also can be other material that has the function of support, such as PMMA film (polymethyl methacrylate membrane material, polyamide imide film or sheet, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) profiles, metal sheet and even stone etc.

(101) As shown in FIG. 1, the structure of photovoltaic module from front-to-rear includes: front glass 1, transparent EVA film 3 (not pre-crosslinked, the content of VA is 28%), crystal silicon solar cell 2, white pre-crosslinked EVA film 5 (pre-crosslinking degree of 74%, reflectivity of 88%), and rear glass 4. After laminating the structure under 145? C., the degree of crosslinking between transparent EVA film 3 and the white pre-crosslinked EVA film 5 is greater than 80%. The interface between the transparent EVA film 3 and white pre-crosslinked EVA film 5 is clear, the lower white pre-crosslinked EVA film 5 does not penetrate into the transparent EVA film layer 3, or turn to the crystalline silicon solar cell 2.

(102) As shown in FIG. 2, another structure of photovoltaic module from front-to-rear includes: front glass 1, transparent pre-crosslinked POE film 6 (pre-crosslinking degree of 3%), crystal silicon solar cell 2, transparent pre-crosslinked POE film 6 (pre-crosslinking degree of 15%), and rear glass 4. After laminating the structure under 145? C., the dimensional stability of transparent pre-crosslinked POE film 6 is stable, and the film material spilled from glass around after lamination is rare.

(103) As shown in FIG. 3, another structure of photovoltaic module from front-to-rear includes: front glass 1, transparent EVA film 3, crystal silicon solar cell 2, black pre-crosslinked EVA film 7 (pre-crosslinking degree of 35%), and back plate 8 (TPE structure back plate). After laminating the structure under 145? C., the boundary between the transparent EVA film 3 and black pre-crosslinking EVA film 7 is clear, the lower black pre-crosslinked EVA film 7 does not penetrate into the transparent EVA film layer 3, or turn to the crystalline silicon solar cell 2.

(104) The solar photovoltaic modules using the structure, the structure of the photovoltaic modules using the pre-crosslinked film, and its application in solar photovoltaic modules, can achieve the effect of reducing the overflow around the film. If using the transparent film in the upper layer and colored film in the lower layer, at least one of the film is pre-crosslinked film, two layers of the films do not penetrate, which can remain a clear boundary effects.

(105) While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by preferred Embodiment only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. The substance of the technical content of the present invention is broadly defined scope of the claims in the application, the accompanying of claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.