A surgical simulator for electrosurgical training and simulation is provided. The surgical simulator includes one or more simulated tissue structures made substantially of a hydrogel comprising a dual interpenetrating network of ionically cross-linked alginate and covalently cross-linked acrylamide. Combinations of different simulated tissue structures define procedural-based models for the practice of various electrosurgical procedures including laparoscopic total mesorectal excision, transanal total mesorectal excision, cholecystectomy and transanal minimally invasive surgery. Methods of making the simulated tissue structures are also provided.

A cylindrical shrink label is provided with a heat-shrinkable label base material; and a joint formed by cylindrically forming the label base material so that the edges thereof overlap, and then solvent welding the inner surface of the outside edge, which is positioned on the outside of the cylinder, and the outer surface of the inside edge, which is positioned on the inside of the cylinder. A resin layer, which is soluble in a hot alkaline aqueous solution, is formed on the abovementioned inner surface and/or the abovementioned outer surface, which form the joint.

A cylindrical shrink label is provided with a heat-shrinkable label base material; and a joint formed by cylindrically forming the label base material so that the edges thereof overlap, and then solvent welding the inner surface of the outside edge, which is positioned on the outside of the cylinder, and the outer surface of the inside edge, which is positioned on the inside of the cylinder. A resin layer, which is soluble in a hot alkaline aqueous solution, is formed on the abovementioned inner surface and/or the abovementioned outer surface, which form the joint.

A cylindrical shrink label is provided with a heat-shrinkable label base material; and a joint formed by cylindrically forming the label base material so that the edges thereof overlap, and then solvent welding the inner surface of the outside edge, which is positioned on the outside of the cylinder, and the outer surface of the inside edge, which is positioned on the inside of the cylinder. A resin layer, which is soluble in a hot alkaline aqueous solution, is formed on the abovementioned inner surface and/or the abovementioned outer surface, which form the joint.

The invention relates to a method for welding a polyamide plastic and a poly(meth)acrylateparticularly a polymethyl methacrylateplastic using a primer, said primer containing at least one copolymer synthesised from at least one styrene or styrene derivative and at least one maleic anhydride or maleic anhydride derivative. The invention also relates to correspondingly welded products.

The present invention relates to alternative methods of joining a solid part (1) and a polymer (2). The methods comprise attaching a primer layer (4) with a predetermined surface chemistry, density and thickness covalently to at least a part of a surface (3) of the solid part (1). Some embodiments of the invention further comprise polymerizing second molecules onto the primer layer (4) so that the surface (3) is at least partly covered with surface immobilized polymer brushes (8). The surface (3) of the solid part (1) is brought into contact with the polymer (2) and a predetermined temperature profile is applied resulting in covalent bonds (6) being established between the polymer (2) and the primer (4), and/or polymer brushes (8) melting or softening and entangling with melted or softened polymer (2) so that the solid part (1) and the polymer (2) remain joined after cooling. The obtained strength of the bonding between the solid part (1) and the polymer (2) is significantly higher than if the same materials are joined with conventional methods not comprising the establishment of a primer layer (4).

A coated, highly transparent film based on cellulose triacetate, is proposed that includes a) a support film acting as support layer and a cellulose triacetate or a mixture of cellulose esters and cellulose triacetate as main component, the cellulose triacetate or mixture being defined by a haze value of <0.5%, measured on the cellulose triacetate or mixture drawn out to a film after having been dissolved in dichloromethane or acetone, and b) a multi-functional coating applied in a coating solution to one or both sides of the support film. A dissolver medium can also be used as an enclosure medium. The highly transparent films of the invention can be used as window film, sunglasses film, laminating film, furniture foil, enclosing film, slide film for microscopy, cover slip replacement film and/or protective film, adhesive to glass, wood, metal, ceramic, cellulose derivative films or plastics following incipient dissolution or heat treatment.

A cylindrical shrink label is provided with a heat-shrinkable label base material; and a joint formed by cylindrically forming the label base material so that the edges thereof overlap, and then solvent welding the inner surface of the outside edge, which is positioned on the outside of the cylinder, and the outer surface of the inside edge, which is positioned on the inside of the cylinder. A resin layer, which is soluble in a hot alkaline aqueous solution, is formed on the abovementioned inner surface and/or the abovementioned outer surface, which form the joint.

A system for detecting and controlling the presence of solvent in the process of gluing single use disposable units for medical use which are formed by at least a first component and a second component, in particular for the treatment of dialysis.

Disclosed herein are sealing solutions for sealing water-soluble films, in particular aqueous mixtures including one or more polymeric solvents such as polyols. Aqueous sealing solutions including a relatively dilute solvent for one or more polymeric components of the water-soluble film (e.g., water-soluble polymeric components thereof, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)) can exhibit one or more benefits, including a reduction in dissolution of the film by the sealing solution and an increase in seal strength. Also disclosed are sealed articles formed with the sealing solutions, for example water-soluble packets containing various liquid or solid compositions.