A polyester polyol is formed in a polycondensation reaction between an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, a polyol, and an epoxy compound having a straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group having at least six carbon atoms. The polyester polyol exhibits excellent compatibility with hydrocarbon blowing agents. As such, it is a useful component in rigid polyurethane foam formulations that are contain hydrocarbon blowing agents.

A rigid polyurethane foam which is a polymerization product of a composition including a concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin, a polyol, and an isocyanate, and a method of preparing the rigid polyurethane foam.

The present disclosure relates to improving insulation properties of foams by employing an azeotropically-modified blowing agent that preserves or improves R-value at various temperatures such as lower than ambient temperatures (below 24° C.). The present disclosure also provides foams with improved long-term thermal resistance (LTTR).

The present teachings provide a method and composition related to two component epoxy phosphate ester based foam materials. The present teachings provide a method comprising: providing a two component system, the two component system including an A side and a B side, the A side including epoxy and the B side including phosphate ester and phosphoric acid; mixing the A side and the B side to form a resulting reaction product; wherein the resulting reaction product of the A side and the B side cures at a temperature of less than 50° C. The present teachings provide a composition comprising: a) a first component including epoxy; b) a second component including phosphate ester and phosphoric acid; and wherein a resulting reaction product of the first component and second component cures at a temperature of less than 50° C.

This disclosure provides for new polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams that exhibit improved flame retardant properties and thermal barrier properties, and which can pass certain thermal barrier tests in the absence of a protective covering such as specified in the thermal barriers codes. In an aspect, it has been unexpectedly discovered that when a relatively high viscosity and high functionality polyisocyanate is used with a high aromatic content polyester polyol and an HFO and/or HCFO blowing agent, and a flame retardant compound, unexpectedly good flame retardant polyisocyanurate foams can be generated, for example, when a high A-side:B-side volume ratio (v:v) and a relatively high Isocyanate Index (ISO Index) are used in the process.

The present invention relates to a process for producing translucent polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams by reaction of a component A, comprising A1 at least one polyol reactive with component B; A2 optionally at least one amine; A3 water and optionally formic acid or at least one physical blowing agent or mixtures thereof; A4 at least one foam stabilizer; A5 optionally auxiliary and/or additive substances; A6 optionally at least one flame retardant; A7 at least one catalyst; and a component B, comprising B1 at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate component or a combination thereof; and B2 optionally at least one hydrophilized isocyanate; and B3 more than or equal to 10 parts by weight and up to 70 parts by weight of an aromatic polyisocyanate component, wherein the parts by weight of B3 are based on the sum of the parts by weight of B1 to B3 which are normalized to 100 parts by weight. The invention is characterized in that the reaction of component A with component B is carried out at an isocyanate index of at least 150, wherein the obtained translucent polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams have a light transmission according to EN ISO 13468-2:2006 of at least 10% and a haze of at least 70%, determined according to ASTM D1003-13, in each case measured at a layer thickness of 20 mm. The present invention further relates to the polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams obtained by the process and to the use thereof as a construction element, as a wall element, as a floor element, in buildings, in vehicles or lamps.

The invention relates to a method for producing soft polyurethane foam obtained by reacting a composition containing a component A1 containing at least one filled polyol, a component A2 containing compounds reactive with isocyanates and having a hydroxyl value of ≥20 to <100 mg KOH/g, the component A2 not containing any filled polyol, a component A3 containing water and/or at least one physical blowing agent, a component A4 containing auxiliary agents and additives, and a component B containing di- and/or polyisocyanates, characterized in that the reaction occurs in the presence of 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of an organic urea derivative as component C, which is obtained by reacting urea with a difunctional amine having a number-average molecular weight of 200 to 1000 g/mol. The invention also relates to a soft polyurethane foam obtainable by the method.

A polyol component P) contains at least two different polyether polyols A) and C), and at least one polyether ester polyol D). A process can be used for producing rigid polyurethane foams using the polyol component P), and the rigid polyurethane foams produced therefrom are useful.

The present disclosure relates to a polishing pad, a method for manufacturing the polishing pad, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using the polishing pad. The polishing pad increases the area in direct contact with the semiconductor substrate during the polishing process and can prevent defects occurring on the surface of the semiconductor substrate by forming a plurality of uniform pores in the polishing layer, thereby adjusting the surface roughness characteristics of the polishing surface of the polishing layer. Further, the present disclosure may provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device to which the polishing pad is applied.

The invention relates to a liquid formulation for foaming a thermoplastic polystyrene, said formulation comprising a) a liquid carrier; and b) at least one endothermic chemical blowing agent selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, salts of dicarboxylic acids, salts of tricarboxylic acids, esters of dicarboxylic acids and esters of tricarboxylic acids.