To provide a production method whereby an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis can be obtained which has high current efficiency, little variation in current efficiency and high alkaline resistance. This is a method for producing an ion exchange membrane 1 having a layer (C) 12 containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having carboxylic acid type functional groups, by immersing an ion exchange membrane precursor film having a precursor layer (C) containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups, in an aqueous alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, and converting the groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups to carboxylic acid functional groups, wherein the concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is from 1 to 60 mass % in the aqueous alkaline solution (100 mass %); the temperature of the aqueous alkaline solution is at least 40 C. and less than 80 C.; and the proportion of structural units having carboxylic acid type functional groups in the fluorinated polymer (A) is from 13.0 to 14.50 mol % in all structural units (100 mol %) in the fluorinated polymer (A).

Irradiated material solids are thermally treated using a heat transfer liquid to improve the physical, chemical, mechanical and/or biochemical properties of the irradiated material solids.

The claimed material relates to a fiber and polymer composite having enhanced modulus, viscoelastic and rheological properties.

Methods of bonding highly-fluorinated thermoplastics to elastomers are described. The methods include apply primers comprising at least one aromatic silane and at least one amino-silane to an uncured elastomer and irradiating the primer with actinic radiation before or after applying the highly-fluorinated thermoplastics. The elastomer may then be cured to provide articles having good adhesion between the highly-fluorinated thermoplastic and the cured elastomer.

Clean, safe and efficient methods and systems for utilizing thermolysis methods to process and recycle various waste sources containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to safely remove fluorine and other hazardous materials are provided. The methods and systems beneficially convert waste sources into a Clean Fuel Gas and Char source providing safe, efficient, and cost-effective alternatives to the current buildup of such waste sources. Methods utilizing a multicomponent, energy-assisted, chemical reaction are provided.

A process for producing a liquid composition, which includes holding a fluorinated polymer having SO.sub.2F groups at from 140 to 160 C. for at least 45 minutes, cooling it to less than 110 C. at a rate of at least 50 C./min, converting the SO.sub.2F groups in the fluorinated polymer to ion exchange groups to obtain a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and mixing the fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups and a liquid medium.

A process for producing a liquid composition, which includes holding a fluorinated polymer having SO.sub.2F groups at from 110 to 130 C. for at least 45 minutes, cooling it to less than 110 C., converting the SO.sub.2F groups in the fluorinated polymer to ion exchange groups to obtain a fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups, and mixing the fluorinated polymer having ion exchange groups and a liquid medium.

To provide a method capable of efficiently producing an ion exchange membrane for alkali chloride electrolysis which has high current efficiency, little variation in current efficiency and high alkaline resistance. This is a method for producing an ion exchange membrane 1 having a layer (C) 12 containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having carboxylic acid type functional groups, by immersing an ion exchange membrane precursor film having a precursor layer (C) containing a fluorinated polymer (A) having groups convertible to carboxylic acid type functional groups, in an aqueous alkaline solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, a water-soluble organic solvent and water, wherein the proportion of structural units having carboxylic acid type functional groups in the fluorinated polymer (A) is from 13.0 to 14.50 mol %; in the layer (C) 12, the value of resistivity is from 4.010.sup.3 to 25.010.sup.3 .Math.cm, and the variation in resistivity is at most 4.010.sup.3 .Math.cm, and the concentration of the water-soluble organic solvent is from 1 to 60 mass % in the alkaline aqueous solution.

Irradiated material solids are thermally treated using a heat transfer liquid to improve the physical, chemical, mechanical and/or biochemical properties of the irradiated material solids.

Methods of forming polymer layers on polymer surfaces using surface initiated atom-transfer radical-polymerization (ATRP) are described. The method can include functionalization steps prior to performing surface initiated ATRP, such as hydroxylation steps and/or halogenation steps. The hydroxylation step can be carried out in a solution including potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, or lithium hydroxide. The halogenation step can also be carried out in a solution. The methods described herein can be performed on bundles of hollow polymer fibers, including bundles of hollow polymer fibers mounted in a module.