Disclosed herein is a homogeneous anion exchange membrane produced by subjecting a hydrophilic monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group to free radical polymerization with a quaternary ammonium salt having an ethylenically unsaturated group, a crosslinking agent, and a photoinitiator. A molar ratio of the hydrophilic monomer to the quaternary ammonium salt is in a range from 1:0.1 to 1:0.7. A biosensing membrane prepared from the homogeneous anion exchange membrane is also disclosed.

The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions, comprising a water insoluble polymer P in the form of dispersed polymer particles, which is obtainable by free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, which comprise a) at least one monomer M1 which exhibits two ethylenically unsaturated moieties which are connected by a linker which comprises a disulfide moiety, and b) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer M2, which has a low water solubility. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such an aqueous polymer dispersion, to solid polymer compositions in powder form, obtainable by drying such polymer dispersions, to the use of such polymer dispersions in a coating material, adhesive or sealant and to a methods of coating a surface of a substrate which comprises applying an aqueous coating composition, which contains such an polymer dispersion.

Disclosed are a polymeric dispersant capable of hybridizing nano-metal and nano-carbon, a polymeric dispersant being composed of a monomer capable of undergoing radical polymerization while having a disulfide functional group, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and an aromatic monomer having at least one unsaturated group, a method for preparing thereof, and a method of manufacturing a hybrid film using the polymeric dispersant.

The present invention is directed to a compound of formula I, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 comprises hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; R.sub.2 comprises hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sub.3 comprises a divalent organic group; R.sub.4 comprises a divalent organic group; and X comprises oxygen, NH, or N(R.sub.5), wherein R.sub.5 comprises a monovalent organic group. The present invention is also directed towards polymers comprising a pendant carbamate-functional moiety comprising the structure: ##STR00002##
wherein R.sub.1 comprises hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; R.sub.2 comprises hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sub.3 comprises a divalent organic group; R.sub.4 comprises a divalent organic group; and X comprises oxygen, NH, or N(R.sub.5) wherein R.sub.5 comprises a monovalent organic group. The present invention is also directed to methods of preparing such compounds and polymers, compositions comprising such polymers, and coatings produced from such compositions.

The disclosure provides electrically conductive elastomers.

The invention relates to a curable volume expandable polymer composition comprising an organic acid component, wherein the organic acid component comprises a first organic acid, a second organic acid, and optionally one or more additional organic acids; wherein said polymer composition, when being heated to an activation of expansion temperature above room temperature, undergoes volume expansion. When the organic acid component is heated to the activation of expansion temperature, the first organic acid and/or the second organic acid and/or the optionally present one or more additional organic acids decarboxylate and thus release carbon dioxide. The polymer composition traps the thus released carbon dioxide thereby causing the polymer composition to undergo volume expansion.

The present disclosure provides an ion-exchange membrane that includes a supporting substrate impregnated with an ion-exchange material. The supporting substrate includes an imprinted non-woven layer, and the imprinting includes a plurality of deformations at a surface density of at least 16 per cm.sup.2. The supporting substrate may lack a reinforcing layer. In some examples, the supporting substrate may include only a single layer of the imprinted non-woven fabric.

The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions, comprising a water insoluble polymer P in the form of dispersed polymer particles, which is obtainable by free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers M, which comprise a) at least one monomer M1 which exhibits two ethylenically unsaturated moieties which are connected by a linker which comprises a disulfide moiety, and b) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer M2, which has a low water solubility. The invention also relates to processes for preparing such an aqueous polymer dispersion, to solid polymer compositions in powder form, obtainable by drying such polymer dispersions, to the use of such polymer dispersions in a coating material, adhesive or sealant and to a methods of coating a surface of a substrate which comprises applying an aqueous coating composition, which contains such an polymer dispersion.

Biodegradable, cross-linked polymer films and methods of making the same are described. The polymer films can be used for preventing adhesions following surgery and/or delivering therapeutic agents.

The present invention provides non-spherical metal-coated irregularly-shaped resin particles that can improve characteristics, such as light diffusion characteristics and reflection characteristics, when used for optical applications, compared with spherical metal-coated resin particles. Specifically, the present invention provides metal-coated irregularly-shaped resin particles in which part of the surface of irregularly-shaped resin particles is coated with metal.