In various aspects, the present invention provides a degradable and resorbable novel phosphate functionalized amino acid-based poly(ester urea) adhesive and related methods for its synthesis and use. These adhesives are formed from phosphate functionalized PEU polymers and copolymers crosslinked using one or more divalent metal crosslinking agents. The phosphate functionalized amino acid-based poly(ester urea) adhesives of various embodiments of the present invention have been found particularly effective in bonding bone to either bone or metal and have demonstrated adhesive strengths on bone samples that were significant and comparable to commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a resin composite that is excellent in water resistance and is capable of exerting sufficient strength even under wet conditions. The present invention relates to a resin composite comprising a resin, fibers having an ionic functional group, and a polyvalent ion. The fibers having an ionic functional group are preferably cellulose fibers having a fiber width of 1000 nm or less.

The present invention relates to: an ink-receiving layer composition for a decorative member, the composition comprising an acrylic emulsion, a metal salt, and organic particles or inorganic particles; a decorative member comprising a base layer, a printing layer formed on the base layer, and an ink-receiving layer disposed between the base layer and the printing layer and formed of a composition comprising an acrylic emulsion, a metal salt, and inorganic particles; and a method for manufacturing a decorative member, the method comprising a step for preparing a base layer in a flat state, a step for coating a composition comprising an acrylic emulsion, a metal salt, and organic particles or inorganic particles on the base layer, a step for drying or UV curing the coated composition to form an ink-receiving layer, and a step for forming a printing layer on the ink-receiving layer.

Hydrogel compositions, and corresponding methods of making, are provided. The hydrogels do not freeze, or only partially freeze, over a wide range of temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. Concurrently, these hydrogels also retain their room temperature mechanical properties (e.g., strength, modulus, elasticity) over a wide range of temperatures, including temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. The hydrogels are synthesized by adding a suitable amount of a salt together with previously cross-linked polymer gel. Hydration of the gel with aqueous solutions containing the prescribed salts not only depresses the hydrogel freezing point but protects the structure. For example, the salts do not allow the hydrogel to completely freeze, thus protecting the hydrogel from brittle failure. Whether the hydrogels partially freeze or remain non-frozen when chilled below the freezing temperature of water is determined by concentration of salt within the hydrogel.

An aqueous sol gel composition is useful as a storage-stable, solvent-free precursor for zinc powder paints. The composition is based on the reaction of at least the components (i) a glycidyloxypropyl alkoxysilane of the general formula (I) XSi(OR).sub.3 (I), where X represents a 3-glycidyloxypropyl group and R represents a methyl or ethyl group, (ii) an aqueous silica sol with an average particle size ranging from 5 to 150 nm and a solids content of 45 to 55 wt. %, (iii) at least one acid selected from nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, and acetic acid, and (iv) a his-amino silane of the general formula (II) (R.sup.1O).sub.3Si(CH.sub.2).sub.3(NH)(CH.sub.2).sub.3Si(OR.sup.1).sub.3 (II), where R.sup.1 is a methyl or ethyl group, and optionally (v) at least one additional alkoxysilane of the general formula (III) Y.sub.nSi(OR.sup.3).sub.4-n (I), where Y represents a propyl-, butyl-, octyl-, 3-mercaptopropyl-, 3-ureidopropyl-, or 3-isocyanatopropyl group, R.sup.3 represents a methyl or ethyl group, and n equals 0 or 1, wherein it is assumed that a mass ratio of (ii) to (i) ranges from 0.55 to 0.75 and a mass ratio of (ii) to (iv) ranges from 0.35 to 0.55. The composition also contains at least one particulate filler from precipitated silica acid, pyrogenic silica acid, crystalline silica, kaolin, feldspar, talcum, zinc oxide, iron(III) oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide in a proportion of 5 to 70 wt. %, based on the composition.

The present invention provides a spreading agent for agrochemicals having superior adhesion particularly for plant surface. The present invention also provides an agrochemical spray solution having a reduced risk of leaving the spreading agent for agrochemicals on a plant surface. The present invention relates to a spreading agent for agrochemicals comprising a carboxy-modified vinyl alcohol polymer (A) having a carboxy-containing monomer unit content of 0.1 mol % to 10 mol %, a viscosity-average degree of polymerization of 200 to 5,000, and a degree of saponification of 65 mol % to 99.9 mol %.

A film (1) includes hollow particles (10) and a binder (20). The hollow particles are made of a material having a refractive index of 1.15 to 2.70. The binder (20) is formed of at least a polysilsesquioxane and binds the hollow particles (10). The film (1) satisfies at least one of requirements Ib/Ia0.7 and Ib/Ic0.3. Ia is an absorbance derived from a hydrocarbon group not directly bonded to a silicon atom, the absorbance being determined by attenuated total reflection using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Ib is an absorbance derived from a bond between a silicon atom and a non-reactive functional group. Ic is an absorbance derived from a bond between a silicon atom and a hydroxy group.

A film (1) includes hollow particles (10) and a binder (20). The hollow particles are made of a material having a refractive index of 1.15 to 2.70. The binder (20) is formed of at least a polysilsesquioxane and binds the hollow particles (10). The film (1) satisfies at least one of requirements Ib/Ia0.7 and Ib/Ic0.3. Ia is an absorbance derived from a hydrocarbon group not directly bonded to a silicon atom, the absorbance being determined by attenuated total reflection using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Ib is an absorbance derived from a bond between a silicon atom and a non-reactive functional group. Ic is an absorbance derived from a bond between a silicon atom and a hydroxy group.

This application relates generally to polymer materials comprising nanoscale ceramic particles for use as a coating in clad pump fiber lasers, including those that function at eye-safer wavelengths and the related method of making them. Fluorinated polymers that possess low refractive index, low optical loss, and high thermal stability are combined with fluorinated ceramic nanoparticles that possess low refractive index and high thermal conductivity to develop a polymer material.

A method of forming a melt-processable water soluble polymer composition having a high Melt Flow Index comprising blending a water soluble polymer with at least 15% by weight of the total weight of the composition of a hygroscopic salt to act as a lubricant to render the polymer extrudable and/or mouldable and with a solvent polymer plasticizer, the hygroscopic salt being partially dissolved in the solvent polymer plasticizer, wherein the solvent polymer plasticizer is mono-propylene glycol, di-propylene glycol or a combination thereof.