Described are Zn.sub.xCd.sub.1-xS.sub.ySe.sub.1-y/ZnS.sub.zSe.sub.1-z core/shell nanocrystals, CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell nanocrystals, optionally doped Zn(S,Se,Te) nano- and quantum wires, and SnS quantum sheets or ribbons, methods for making the same, and their use in biomedical and photonic applications, such as sensors for analytes in cells and preparation of field effect transistors.

A sandwich structure for enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) from luminescent films and the corresponding preparation method are disclosed. The sandwich structure comprises a support, a luminescent film grown on the support, and a single-layer close-packed microsphere array deposited onto the luminescent film. The microspheres have high transmittance excitation light and emitted light, respectively. The low price of dielectric microspheres is beneficial to industrial applications. The stable chemical properties of dielectric microspheres make PL enhanced in a long term. Both metal and non-metal materials can be used as the support in the sandwich structure. These features significantly improve the technique of PL enhancement for luminescent films.

A sandwich structure for enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) from luminescent films and the corresponding preparation method are disclosed. The sandwich structure comprises a support, a luminescent film grown on the support, and a single-layer close-packed microsphere array deposited onto the luminescent film. The microspheres have high transmittance excitation light and emitted light, respectively. The low price of dielectric microspheres is beneficial to industrial applications. The stable chemical properties of dielectric microspheres make PL enhanced in a long term. Both metal and non-metal materials can be used as the support in the sandwich structure. These features significantly improve the technique of PL enhancement for luminescent films.

The present application discloses a method for preparing metal oxide nanoparticles, including the following steps: providing an organic reagent with a molecular formula of X—(SO.sub.2)—Y and a metal oxide nanoparticle sample, in which the metal oxide nanoparticle sample is an aqueous metal oxide nanoparticle; in X—(SO.sub.2)—Y, X contains polar functional groups; mixing the organic reagent and the metal oxide nanoparticle sample in a liquid medium and adding an alkaline reagent to a mixed solution of the organic reagent and the metal oxide nanoparticle sample to prepare the metal oxide nanoparticles. The method provided in the present application can reduce the surface defect state of metal oxide nanoparticles, thereby improving the stability of metal oxide nanoparticles.

The present application discloses a method for preparing metal oxide nanoparticles, including the following steps: providing an organic reagent with a molecular formula of X—(SO.sub.2)—Y and a metal oxide nanoparticle sample, in which the metal oxide nanoparticle sample is an aqueous metal oxide nanoparticle; in X—(SO.sub.2)—Y, X contains polar functional groups; mixing the organic reagent and the metal oxide nanoparticle sample in a liquid medium and adding an alkaline reagent to a mixed solution of the organic reagent and the metal oxide nanoparticle sample to prepare the metal oxide nanoparticles. The method provided in the present application can reduce the surface defect state of metal oxide nanoparticles, thereby improving the stability of metal oxide nanoparticles.

A printing ink formulation includes a functional material and a solvent being evaporable from the printing ink formulation to form a functional material thin film. The solvent is formed by mixing at least two organic solvents including a first solvent and a second solvent. The solvent system containing at least two solvents can effectively dissolve the functional material without the need of adding an additive, and can also effectively prevent the occurrence of a “coffee-ring effect”, and accordingly, the thin film containing a uniform thickness and a strong electron transmission capability can be obtained.

A printing ink formulation includes a functional material and a solvent being evaporable from the printing ink formulation to form a functional material thin film. The solvent is formed by mixing at least two organic solvents including a first solvent and a second solvent. The solvent system containing at least two solvents can effectively dissolve the functional material without the need of adding an additive, and can also effectively prevent the occurrence of a “coffee-ring effect”, and accordingly, the thin film containing a uniform thickness and a strong electron transmission capability can be obtained.

Provided is a semiconductor nanoparticle complex having both improved fluorescence quantum yield and improved heat resistance. A semiconductor nanoparticle complex according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor nanoparticle complex in which two or more ligands including a ligand I and a ligand II are coordinated to the surface of a semiconductor nanoparticle, wherein: the ligands are composed of an organic group and a coordinating group; the ligand I has one mercapto group as the coordinating group; and the ligand II has at least two or more mercapto groups as the coordinating groups.

Provided are a light-emitting device, an electronic apparatus including the same, and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device, wherein the light-emitting device includes: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer includes an emission layer and an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer is between the emission layer and the second electrode, and the electron transport layer includes an electron transport particle, the electron transport particle includes a core and a shell covering the core, the core includes an oxide, a chalcogenide, or any combination thereof, and the shell includes a chalcogenide, the chalcogenide of the core being the same as or different from the chalcogenide of the shell.

Provided are a light-emitting device, an electronic apparatus including the same, and a method of manufacturing the light-emitting device, wherein the light-emitting device includes: a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the interlayer includes an emission layer and an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer is between the emission layer and the second electrode, and the electron transport layer includes an electron transport particle, the electron transport particle includes a core and a shell covering the core, the core includes an oxide, a chalcogenide, or any combination thereof, and the shell includes a chalcogenide, the chalcogenide of the core being the same as or different from the chalcogenide of the shell.