The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that maintains a sufficient voltage holding ratio over a long period of time even when a liquid crystal panel having a narrower frame is used and that undergoes no burn-in or no stains on a display screen. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes an active-matrix liquid crystal panel and a backlight, wherein the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer, a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched, alignment layers disposed on surfaces of the pair of substrates facing the liquid crystal layer, and a seal part that bonds the pair of substrates to each other and that is disposed around the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal panel is formed by a liquid crystal one-drop fill process, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material and at least one of a radical scavenger and an antioxidant, and the seal part has a width of 0.6 mm or less at least in part.

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device that maintains a sufficient voltage holding ratio over a long period of time even when a liquid crystal panel having a narrower frame is used and that undergoes no burn-in or no stains on a display screen. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes an active-matrix liquid crystal panel and a backlight, wherein the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer, a pair of substrates between which the liquid crystal layer is sandwiched, alignment layers disposed on surfaces of the pair of substrates facing the liquid crystal layer, and a seal part that bonds the pair of substrates to each other and that is disposed around the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal panel is formed by a liquid crystal one-drop fill process, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal material and at least one of a radical scavenger and an antioxidant, and the seal part has a width of 0.6 mm or less at least in part.

Water treatment compositions are provided that are effective for mitigating corrosion or fouling of surfaces in contact with aqueous systems. The water treatment compositions can include one or more azole compounds, one or more transition metals, and one or more dispersants, in addition to various other additives. The water treatment compositions can exclude phosphorus and still be effective. Methods for mitigating corrosion or fouling of a surface in an aqueous system are also provided.

Water treatment compositions are provided that are effective for mitigating corrosion or fouling of surfaces in contact with aqueous systems. The water treatment compositions can include one or more azole compounds, one or more transition metals, and one or more dispersants, in addition to various other additives. The water treatment compositions can exclude phosphorus and still be effective. Methods for mitigating corrosion or fouling of a surface in an aqueous system are also provided.

Ionic liquid containing compositions may be used in the production, recovery and refining of oil and gas. In addition, they may be used to treat cooling water and/or to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion of metals.

Ionic liquid containing compositions may be used in the production, recovery and refining of oil and gas. In addition, they may be used to treat cooling water and/or to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion of metals.

A method of demulsifying an emulsion with an ionic liquid having a nitrogen or phosphorus cation.

A method of demulsifying an emulsion with an ionic liquid having a nitrogen or phosphorus cation.

A compound of Formula I, Formula IA, Formula IB, or Formula II, or an acid or base addition salt thereof, and use of these compounds as antioxidants. In one embodiment, a compound of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein each of X, Y, and Z are independently a carbon or nitrogen atom; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen or an electron donating group, but are not both hydrogen, and wherein R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are each bonded to a carbon atom in their own respective aryl ring.

A compound of Formula I, Formula IA, Formula IB, or Formula II, or an acid or base addition salt thereof, and use of these compounds as antioxidants. In one embodiment, a compound of Formula II, ##STR00001##
wherein each of X, Y, and Z are independently a carbon or nitrogen atom; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen or an electron donating group, but are not both hydrogen, and wherein R.sup.1, and R.sup.2 are each bonded to a carbon atom in their own respective aryl ring.