A liquid crystal composition that has a positive dielectric anisotropy and a sufficiently low viscosity and that causes no display defects when used in liquid crystal display devices is provided without decreasing or increasing the refractive index anisotropy or nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature. This liquid crystal composition contains at least one compound selected from compounds represented by general formula (LC0) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by general formulas (LC1) to (LC5). This liquid crystal composition can be used to provide a reliable liquid crystal display device capable of maintaining a high voltage-holding ratio at high temperatures. This liquid crystal display device is highly practical as a liquid crystal display and is effective in achieving quick response without significantly decreasing the cell gap.

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds having negative dielectric anisotropy (), which is distinguished by the fact that it has a value for the ratio .sub.1/n.sup.2 in the range 6-45 with a clearing point of >60 C. and a of 2.3. Media of this type are particularly suitable for electro-optical displays having active-matrix addressing based on the ECB, PA LCD, FFS or IPS effect.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.1* each, independently of one another, denote an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by ##STR00002##
in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, A.sup.1 denotes ##STR00003## L.sup.1 denotes F, Cl, CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3 or CHF.sub.2,
and to the use thereof for electro-optical purposes, in particular for shutter glasses, 3D applications, in TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, PS-FFS and PS-VA-IPS displays.

A liquid crystal composition satisfies at least one of characteristics such as high maximum temperature, low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy and high stability to ultraviolet light, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics. The liquid crystal composition contains a quencher as an additive, and may contain a specific compound having large positive dielectric anisotropy as a first component, a specific compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component, or a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a third component.

A polymerizable composition provides a high brightness and suppressed decrease in brightness in an outer peripheral region when used in a wavelength conversion member, a wavelength conversion member, a backlight unit, and a liquid crystal display device. The polymerizable composition includes quantum dots having surfaces coordinated with a ligand, a polymerizable compound, and a dispersant, in which the ligand is a molecule that includes a saturated hydrocarbon chain having 6 or more carbon atoms and a coordinating group, a LogP value of the polymerizable compound is 3.0 or lower, the dispersant has a nonpolar and a polar portion in a molecule, and the nonpolar portion is at least one selected from the group consisting of a saturated hydrocarbon chain having 6 or more carbon atoms, an aromatic ring, and a saturated aliphatic ring. The wavelength conversion member, the backlight unit, and the liquid crystal display device include the polymerizable composition.

A method and apparatus for performing electrocautery on a site of a subject that includes inserting a trocar device into the location of the site of the subject and electro-cauterizing the site of the subject using a diode included with the trocar device. A method and apparatus for performing electrocautery on a site of a subject that includes inserting one or more medical tubes or medical instruments or devices that extends through an expandable sheath; and electro-cauterizing the site of the subject using a diode included with the expandable sheath device.

The present invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium (LC medium), to the use thereof for electro-optical purposes, and to LC displays containing this medium.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a solid-state photonic crystal IPN composite functionalized with an enzyme, a photonic crystal IPN composite prepared by the method, and a biosensor using the photonic crystal IPN composite. The method of the present invention includes (1) mixing a nonreactive chiral dopant with a reactive nematic mesogen, curing the mixture, and removing the chiral dopant while maintaining a helical structure, to form a solid-state helical photonic crystal structure, (2) infiltrating a PAA hydrogel into the internal space of the photonic crystal structure, followed by curing to form an IPN-structured composite, and (3) immobilizing an enzyme in the IPN-structured composite. The PAA hydrogel is infiltrated into the solid-state helical photonic crystal structure and the enzyme is immobilized such that a pH change caused by the enzymatic reaction induces shrinkage and expansion of the PAA hydrogel, leading to a color change.

The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof in electro-optical liquid-crystal displays.

Disclosed are a liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid of formula I and formula II-B, and a liquid crystal compound and a related liquid crystal display device ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.0, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently represent an alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1-10, a fluoro-substituted alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1-10, an alkoxy group having a carbon atom number of 1-10, a fluoro-substituted alkoxy group having a carbon atom number of 1-10, an alkenyl group having a carbon atom number of 2-10, a fluoro-substituted alkenyl group having a carbon atom number of 2-10, an alkenoxy group having a carbon atom number of 3-8 or a fluoro-substituted alkenoxy group having a carbon atom number of 3-8, and any one or more non-connected CH.sub.2 in R.sub.0, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be substituted with cyclopentyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl or O; Y represents ethyl or ethenyl; ##STR00002##
each independently represent one of ##STR00003##
and any fluorobenzene; ##STR00004##
represents benzene or fluorobenzene; and m represents one of 1, 2 and 3, and n represents one of 1 and 0.