Disclosed is a redox-complementary electrochromic device exhibiting black-to-transmissive switching, wherein the device comprises an electrochromic layer and a redox-active material layer sandwiched between a transparent first electrode and a transparent secondary electrode, the electrochromic layer comprising an electrochromic Co-based metallo-supramolecular polymer represented by the formula (I), and the redox active material being capable of reacting with the electrochromic material to change the electrochromic material from black state into colorless transmissive state,

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where in the formula (I), X represents a counter anion, R represents a single bond or a spacer comprising a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent group, and n represents an integer of from 2 to 5000, which indicates a degree of polymerization.

Metal complexes that exhibit multiple radiative decay mechanisms, together with methods for the preparation and use thereof.

An electro-optic assembly includes a first partially reflective, partially transmissive substrate defining a first surface and a second surface. A second partially reflective, partially transmissive substrate defines a third surface and a fourth surface. A space is defined between a first substrate and a second substrate. A seal is disposed about a perimeter of the first and second substrates. An electro-optic material is disposed between the second surface of the first substrate and the third surface of the second substrate. The electro-optic assembly is operable to change at least one of a reflectance state and a transmittance state in either a discrete or continuous manner. A transparent electrode coating is disposed between the second surface and the third surface. The transparent electrode coating includes an insulator layer, metal layer, and insulator layer (IMI) structure. The reflectance off of the transparent electrode coating is less than about 2%.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of complexes exhibiting reversible light-induced magnetization, and/or heat, and/or electrically-induced switching with unprecedented lifetimes. In particular embodiments, the complexes are provided as organic thin films that can exhibit long lifetimes at ambient temperatures. In some representative embodiments, the complex comprises an electronically bistable cobalt complex functionalized with an optically bistable ligand. A photoisomerization-induced spin-charge excited state (PISCES) process can occur, resulting in the direct observation of light-induced spin state switching at room temperature in the solid state.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device comprising an anode layer, a cathode layer, at least one photoactive layer, and a semiconductor layer, wherein the photoactive layer and the semiconductor layer are arranged between the anode layer and the cathode layer, wherein the semiconductor layer is arranged between the photoactive layer and the anode layer; wherein the anode layer comprises a first anode sub-layer and a second anode sub-layer, wherein the first anode sub-layer comprises a first metal having a work function in the range of 4 and 6 eV, and the second anode sub-layer comprises a transparent conductive oxide (TCO); wherein the second anode sub-layer is arranged closer to the semiconductor layer than the first anode sub layer; wherein the semiconductor layer comprises at least one metal complex, wherein the metal complex comprises a metal cation and at least one anionic ligand, wherein the anionic ligand comprises at least four covalently bound atoms, and wherein the semiconductor layer comprises the metal complex in a range of 31 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the semiconductor layer.

Disclosed herein are metal complexes that exhibit multiple radiative decay mechanisms, together with methods for the preparation and use thereof.

Provided are compounds of Formula I ##STR00001##
that are useful as emitters in OLEDs.

The invention relates to an electrochromic element comprising two substrates having electrically conductive insides, a layered operating electrode which comprises a metal complex compound and which is capable of entering into a redox reaction where the transition from the oxidized to the reduced state is attended by an increase of color depth and the transition from the reduced to the oxidized state is attended by a corresponding weakening of color, an electrolyte layer in the form of a transparent, flexible film, and a counterelectrode.sub.[ATI(D1] which is capable of intercalating mobile cations of the electrolyte material and/or of entering into a redox reaction in which when the material of the second electrode changes from the oxidized to the reduced state it exhibits no increase of color depth in the wavelength region of the increase of color depth of the metal complex compound and preferably is not subject to any increase of color depth at all, where the electrolyte layer comprises at least the following components: (a) a crosslinkable hybrid prepolymer, (b) a crosslinkable organic monomer or prepolymer, (c) a non-crosslinkable, thermoplastic organic polymer, and a dissociable salt whose inorganic cations can, in the presence of a charge difference between the operating electrode and the counterelectrode, move between the said electrodes. The electrochromic element is more particularly suitable as constituent of automobile glazing systems.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

A light emitting device includes a first electrode, a hole transporting layer in contact with the first electrode, a second electrode, an electron transporting layer in contact with the second electrode; and an emissive layer between the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer. The emissive layer includes a metal-assisted delayed fluorescent (MADF) emitter, a fluorescent emitter, and a host, and the MADF emitter harvests electrogenerated excitons and transfers energy to the fluorescent emitter.