A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

The present disclosure generally relates to upgrading difficult to process heavy-oil. In particular, the disclosure relates to upgrading heavy oil and other high carbon content materials by using an integrated thermal-process (ITP) that utilizes anti-coking management and toluene insoluble organic residues (TIOR) management to directly incorporate lighter hydrocarbons into high molecular weight, low hydrogen content hydrocarbons such as thermally processed heavy oil products. This process can be integrated with other thermal processing schemes, such as cokers and visbreakers, to improve the conversion and yields from these integrated processes.

The present disclosure involves application of heterogeneous hydrogen donors (DHH) or solid hydrogen transfer agents (SHTA) prepared from a polymer with units containing the structure of naphthalene, phenanthrene or anthracene, which can be supported, anchored or in physical mixture with metal oxides such as alumina, silica, titania or kaolin and/or mixture of them, to be used in beds combined with an ULSD or non-ULSD HDS catalyst, to obtain ultra-low sulfur diesel in cuts and/or streams derived from petroleum and/or a mixture thereof, such as SRGO, kerosine, jet fuel, naphtha, etc. The SHTA of the present disclosure provide an additional amount of hydrogen atoms facilitating the removal of refractory sulfur compounds in the HDS process.

The present disclosure involves application of heterogeneous hydrogen donors (DHH) or solid hydrogen transfer agents (SHTA) prepared from a polymer with units containing the structure of naphthalene, phenanthrene or anthracene, which can be supported, anchored or in physical mixture with metal oxides such as alumina, silica, titania or kaolin and/or mixture of them, to be used in beds combined with an ULSD or non-ULSD HDS catalyst, to obtain ultra-low sulfur diesel in cuts and/or streams derived from petroleum and/or a mixture thereof, such as SRGO, kerosine, jet fuel, naphtha, etc. The SHTA of the present disclosure provide an additional amount of hydrogen atoms facilitating the removal of refractory sulfur compounds in the HDS process.

An invention relates to fuel oil hydrocracking in the presence of methane and is designed to produce distillate products with a density of 835-850 kg/m.sup.3. The technical result is to simplify the process of fuel oil hydrocracking by performing it at reduced temperature and pressure, as well as to increase the yield of distillate products. A method of fuel oil hydrocracking is proposed, wherein fuel oil is heated to 90-110? C. and mixed with methane fed at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa, resulting mixture of fuel oil with methane is heated to 280-380? C. and fed to the hydrocracking reactor for hydrocracking in the presence of promoted catalyst, and the resulting vapors are transferred to a rectification unit with subsequent cooling of the separated streams to get fuel oil distillates with a density of 805-850 kg/m.sup.3. The optimal mass ratio in the fuel oil and methane mixture is 80:20, and the catalyst is a mixture of oxides of elements of the scandium and titanium subgroups of the periodic table belonging to different and any even period of the periodic table, taken in equal molar fractions and applied to aluminum oxide. In this case, the catalyst can be promoted with a composite material consisting of fifth-period metals and periodic table elements with atomic numbers 75 to 83.

An invention relates to fuel oil hydrocracking in the presence of methane and is designed to produce distillate products with a density of 835-850 kg/m.sup.3. The technical result is to simplify the process of fuel oil hydrocracking by performing it at reduced temperature and pressure, as well as to increase the yield of distillate products. A method of fuel oil hydrocracking is proposed, wherein fuel oil is heated to 90-110? C. and mixed with methane fed at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa, resulting mixture of fuel oil with methane is heated to 280-380? C. and fed to the hydrocracking reactor for hydrocracking in the presence of promoted catalyst, and the resulting vapors are transferred to a rectification unit with subsequent cooling of the separated streams to get fuel oil distillates with a density of 805-850 kg/m.sup.3. The optimal mass ratio in the fuel oil and methane mixture is 80:20, and the catalyst is a mixture of oxides of elements of the scandium and titanium subgroups of the periodic table belonging to different and any even period of the periodic table, taken in equal molar fractions and applied to aluminum oxide. In this case, the catalyst can be promoted with a composite material consisting of fifth-period metals and periodic table elements with atomic numbers 75 to 83.

The present invention relates to a method for converting heavy oil by means of high dispersion of asphaltenes, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture by mixing an amphiphilic additive and the heavy oil; and performing a hydrogenation reaction on the mixture, wherein the amphiphilic additive comprises both a polar group and a nonpolar group.

The present invention relates to a method for converting heavy oil by means of high dispersion of asphaltenes, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture by mixing an amphiphilic additive and the heavy oil; and performing a hydrogenation reaction on the mixture, wherein the amphiphilic additive comprises both a polar group and a nonpolar group.

The method for processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, predominantly heavy crude oil, comprises pre-treatment of an initial feedstock and an auxiliary gaseous mixture at a pre-set pressure, introducing the pre-treated auxiliary gaseous mixture into the pre-treated feedstock and mixing thereof, cavitation treatment of the resulting mixture, separating liquid and gaseous products followed by isolating the final petroleum product. The novelty is in that gaseous hydrocarbons having the activation energy comparable with the molecule dissociation energy of the main components of the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, are used as auxiliary gaseous mixture; and the pre-treatment of the initial heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and the auxiliary gaseous mixture, both of which are in the liquid state, is performed at a pressure which exceeds the saturated vapour pressure of the auxiliary gaseous mixture. The technical result is the improved physical and chemical characteristics of the final petroleum product by virtue of changing the composition and structure thereof, more particularly, by reducing its density, viscosity, and initial boiling point, by increasing the light fraction yield during refining, and by increasing the efficiency and the effectiveness factor of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock.