The method for processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, predominantly heavy crude oil, comprises pre-treatment of an initial feedstock and an auxiliary gaseous mixture at a pre-set pressure, introducing the pre-treated auxiliary gaseous mixture into the pre-treated feedstock and mixing thereof, cavitation treatment of the resulting mixture, separating liquid and gaseous products followed by isolating the final petroleum product. The novelty is in that gaseous hydrocarbons having the activation energy comparable with the molecule dissociation energy of the main components of the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, are used as auxiliary gaseous mixture; and the pre-treatment of the initial heavy hydrocarbon feedstock and the auxiliary gaseous mixture, both of which are in the liquid state, is performed at a pressure which exceeds the saturated vapour pressure of the auxiliary gaseous mixture. The technical result is the improved physical and chemical characteristics of the final petroleum product by virtue of changing the composition and structure thereof, more particularly, by reducing its density, viscosity, and initial boiling point, by increasing the light fraction yield during refining, and by increasing the efficiency and the effectiveness factor of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstock.

Systems and methods for partially upgrading a produced heavy hydrocarbon resource at the production site (at the pad or a central processing facility) using indirect hydrogen addition, comprising a blender for blending the hydrocarbon with a hydrogen donator and a reactor for elevating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to hydrogenate the hydrocarbon to an API level required for pipeline specifications. The partially upgraded hydrocarbon can then be transported by pipeline to a refinery for further processing. The presence of catalysts and on-site hydrogen production equipment conventionally required for upgrading is eliminated. Further, the need for diluent which is conventionally used to enable pipeline ability of produced heavy hydrocarbon is reduced or eliminated, thus reducing the diluent freight cost and the required pipeline volume.

Systems and methods for partially upgrading a produced heavy hydrocarbon resource at the production site (at the pad or a central processing facility) using indirect hydrogen addition, comprising a blender for blending the hydrocarbon with a hydrogen donator and a reactor for elevating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to hydrogenate the hydrocarbon to an API level required for pipeline specifications. The partially upgraded hydrocarbon can then be transported by pipeline to a refinery for further processing. The presence of catalysts and on-site hydrogen production equipment conventionally required for upgrading is eliminated. Further, the need for diluent which is conventionally used to enable pipeline ability of produced heavy hydrocarbon is reduced or eliminated, thus reducing the diluent freight cost and the required pipeline volume.

The present invention is related to the application of solid polymers or copolymers prepared from monomers having in their structure a polycyclic aromatic ring, an aromatic ring of the type of naphthalene, or polyesters, polyethers, polyamides or polyvynil derivatives having naphthalene units in their structure, in the hydrotreatment or hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons, such as heavy or extra-heavy crude oils or residues from the distillation of petroleum; these polymers or copolymers may be supported, anchored or in a physical mixture with metallic oxides such as alumina, silica, titania or kaolin, and they have an application as heterogeneous hydrogen donors in reactions of hydrotreatment or hydrocracking of heavy or extra-heavy crude oils, residues from the distillation of petroleum and cuts and streams deived from this distillation. These solid polymers or copolymers operate in the presence of hydrogen or methane-rich gas. These hydrogen donor polymers, being solid, may be recovered from the reaction mixture to be reused and have a thermal stability that allows for their use in reactions at temperatures above 450 C. These heterogeneous hydrogen donors improve the physical properties of crude oils, such as API gravity, viscosity, and distillates yield, inhibiting the formation of coke.

A new catalyst hydroisomerizes C18 paraffins from fatty acids to a high degree to produce a composition with acceptable freeze point which retains 18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule for jet fuel. We have discovered a fuel composition comprising at least 14 wt % hydrocarbon molecules having at least 18 carbon atoms and a freeze point not higher than 40 C. The composition also may exhibit a exhibiting a final boiling point of no more than 300 C. The hydroisomerization process can be once through or a portion of the product diesel stream may be selectively hydrocracked or recycled to hydroisomerization to obtain a fuel composition that meets jet fuel specifications.

A new catalyst hydroisomerizes C18 paraffins from fatty acids to a high degree to produce a composition with acceptable freeze point which retains 18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule for jet fuel. We have discovered a fuel composition comprising at least 14 wt % hydrocarbon molecules having at least 18 carbon atoms and a freeze point not higher than 40 C. The composition also may exhibit a exhibiting a final boiling point of no more than 300 C. The hydroisomerization process can be once through or a portion of the product diesel stream may be selectively hydrocracked or recycled to hydroisomerization to obtain a fuel composition that meets jet fuel specifications.

There is provided a process of treating a heavy hydrocarbon-comprising material, comprising: contacting a feed material with at least a catalyst material within a contacting zone to effect generation of a total product such that a contacting zone material is disposed within the contacting zone and consists of the catalyst material and a feed/product-comprising mixture comprising the feed material and the total product, wherein the feed/product-comprising mixture includes a Conradson carbon residue content of at least 12 weight percent, based on the total weight of the feed/product-comprising mixture, and also includes an asphaltene content of less than two (2) weight percent, based on the total weight of the feed/product-comprising mixture, and wherein the feed material includes deasphalted heavy hydrocarbon-comprising material. A heavy hydrocarbon-containing feed for a catalytic hydroprocessing or catalytic hydrocracking process is also provided, wherein the feed comprises a deasphalted heavy hydrocarbon-comprising material having a Conradson carbon residue, CCR, content greater than about 12 wt % and an asphaltene content less than about 2 wt %. The feed results in reduced catalyst deactivation or catalyst coking during the catalytic hydroprocessing or catalytic hydrocracking process.

There is provided a process of treating a heavy hydrocarbon-comprising material, comprising: contacting a feed material with at least a catalyst material within a contacting zone to effect generation of a total product such that a contacting zone material is disposed within the contacting zone and consists of the catalyst material and a feed/product-comprising mixture comprising the feed material and the total product, wherein the feed/product-comprising mixture includes a Conradson carbon residue content of at least 12 weight percent, based on the total weight of the feed/product-comprising mixture, and also includes an asphaltene content of less than two (2) weight percent, based on the total weight of the feed/product-comprising mixture, and wherein the feed material includes deasphalted heavy hydrocarbon-comprising material. A heavy hydrocarbon-containing feed for a catalytic hydroprocessing or catalytic hydrocracking process is also provided, wherein the feed comprises a deasphalted heavy hydrocarbon-comprising material having a Conradson carbon residue, CCR, content greater than about 12 wt % and an asphaltene content less than about 2 wt %. The feed results in reduced catalyst deactivation or catalyst coking during the catalytic hydroprocessing or catalytic hydrocracking process.

A simplified process is provided for creating hybrid crude oils and hybrid crude fractions with characteristics superior to the original. The process uniquely combines gases with crude oil or crude fractions in an effervescent turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures and without the further aid of catalysts. The process breaks large chain hydrocarbons into smaller chain hydrocarbons, molecularly combines carbon, hydrogen, and/or hydrocarbon molecules from the gases with and into hydrocarbon molecules of the crude or crude fraction, and separates contaminants and impurities.

A simplified process is provided for creating hybrid crude oils and hybrid crude fractions with characteristics superior to the original. The process uniquely combines gases with crude oil or crude fractions in an effervescent turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures and without the further aid of catalysts. The process breaks large chain hydrocarbons into smaller chain hydrocarbons, molecularly combines carbon, hydrogen, and/or hydrocarbon molecules from the gases with and into hydrocarbon molecules of the crude or crude fraction, and separates contaminants and impurities.