An integrated method and an integrated device for heavy oil contact lightening and coke gasification are provided. The integrated method uses a coupled reactor including a cracking section and a gasification section, and the integrated method includes: feeding a heavy oil material into the cracking section to implement a cracking reaction, to obtain a light oil gas and a carbon-deposited contact agent; passing the carbon-deposited contact agent into the gasification section, so as to implement a gasification reaction, to obtain a regenerated contact agent and a syngas; and discharging the light oil gas and the ascended and incorporated syngas from the cracking section, to perform a gas-solid separation, so that the carbon-deposited contact agent carried is separated and returned to the cracking section, and a purified oil gas is obtained at the same time.

In a method for continuously treating vacuum residuals originating from the refinery of crude oil, the the vacuum residuals are continuously fed into an agitated vessel,

An integrated process for maximizing recovery of LPG is provided. The process comprises providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream and at least one stream comprising C.sub.6 hydrocarbons from one or more of a hydrocracking zone, an isomerization zone, and a transalkylation zone is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and a debutanizer column bottoms stream.

A system that includes a fuel treatment system. The fuel treatment system includes a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor that receives a fluid that includes fuel from a fuel supply and water from a water supply. The hydrodynamic cavitation reactor cavitates the fluid. Cavitation of the fluid cracks the fuel and forms radicals that combine with one or more substances in the fuel. A separator receives the fluid and separates the fluid into water, fuel, and one or more substances.

A process for upgrading vacuum residuum and vacuum gas oil hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process may include: contacting a heavy distillate hydrocarbon fraction and hydrogen with a zeolite selective hydrocracking catalyst in a first ebullated bed hydrocracking reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the vacuum gas oil to lighter hydrocarbons. Contacting a residuum hydrocarbon fraction and hydrogen with a non-zeolite base metal hydroconversion catalyst in a second ebullated bed hydroconversion reaction zone may produce a vapor stream containing unconverted hydrogen, acid gases and volatilized hydrocarbons which may be fed along with the vacuum gas oil in the first ebullated bed hydrocracking zone.

An extraction solvent comprised of one or more ethyleneamines having structure (I), (II), or (III):

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1-R.sub.6 can independently be H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 linear or branched alkyl, amido (RRNCO), or hydroxyalkyl, where each R in the amido group independently H or C.sub.1 alkyl, and where x ranges from 1 to 6, may be contacted with a hydrocarbon stream to remove or extract non-acidic contaminants, such as thiophenes, benzothiophenes, alkyl sulfides, alkyl disulfides, mercaptans, aromatics, oxygenates, metals, olefins, and combinations thereof, from the hydrocarbon stream. The extraction solvent may include co-solvents and the hydrocarbon stream may be in gas and/or liquid form.

A process for conversion of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in a moving bed hydroprocessing reactor is provided in which (a) hydrogen gas is dissolved in the liquid feedstock and (b) the mixture is flashed to remove and recover any light components, leaving a hydrogen-enriched feedstock. A homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalyst is added to the feedstock upstream of the moving bed hydroprocessing rector.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

A hydrocarbon conversion catalyst composition which comprises ZSM-48 and/or EU-2 zeolite particles and refractory oxide binder essentially free of alumina in which the average aluminium concentration of the ZSM-48 and/or EU-2 zeolite particles is at least 1.3 times the aluminium concentration at the surface of the particles, processes for preparing such catalyst compositions and processes for converting hydrocarbon feedstock with the help of such compositions.

An integrated process catalytically cracks whole light crude oil into light olefins, especially propylene and ethylene. The process is integrated with an adjacent conventional fluid catalytic cracking unit whereby the heavy liquid product mixture (light and heavy cycle oils) from whole crude oil cracking is mixed with vacuum gas oil (VGO) for further processing. The process comprises recycling total product fraction of light cracked naphtha (LCN) and mixing with fresh crude oil feed. High propylene and ethylene yields are obtained by cracking the whole light crude oil and LCN in an FCC configuration using a mixture of FCC catalyst and ZSM-5 additive at a temperature between, that of conventional FCC and steam cracking.