Processes herein may be used to thermally crack various hydrocarbon feeds, and may eliminate the refinery altogether while making the crude to chemicals process very flexible in terms of crude. In embodiments herein, crude is progressively separated into at least light and heavy fractions. Depending on the quality of the light and heavy fractions, these are routed to one of three upgrading operations, including a fixed bed hydroconversion unit, a fluidized catalytic conversion unit, or a residue hydrocracking unit that may utilize an ebullated bed reactor. Products from the upgrading operations may be used as feed to a steam cracker.

Present invention relates to a process for production of isomerization catalyst, containing a base of zirconia, a binder based on alumina and/or silica at-least one component of Group VI of the periodic table in the form of their oxyanions, a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component loaded on the base, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Sn, Re or mixtures thereof, and an peptization agent, wherein the peptizing agent is an organic acid and polymers, which improve the physicochemical properties of the isomerization catalyst for the production of C4-C12 paraffin's.

A modular crude oil refinery (MCOR) is designed for smaller scale deployment with a capacity to process in the range of 3,000-4,000 barrels of crude oil per day in a single production unit and with the potential to scale to over 100,000 barrels per day with linked production units. More specifically, a MCOR includes a low temperature, low pressure primary separation reactor, condensing system and recirculation systems operating in a closed loop configuration that enable the production of both heavy and light hydrocarbon products with substantially no emissions. The MCOR has the capability to receive and process crude-oil feedstocks of varying API gravity and be controlled to produce a variety of both heavy and light products including cleaner-burning bunker fuels, jet fuels, diesel fuels, gasoline fuels and asphalt binders.

Where thermochemical liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is conducted using recirculated product oil as solvent, yields can be substantially increased by addition of a short chain alcohol reactant such as ethanol or methanol. A synergistic effect is thereby obtained where liquefaction is improved over using either recycled product oil or alcohol alone. The combination of re-circulated product oil and alcohol reactant permits high conversion at operating pressures considerably lower than typically applied in alcohol solvolysis, typically within the range 30-60 bar. The liquefaction reaction occurs at subcritical pressure where the alcohol acts as a gaseous reactant and not as a solvent.

Described herein are novel and inventive dewaxing processes that employ dewaxing catalysts which are co-extrusions of two different zeolites, particularly two different 10MR zeolites or a co-extrusion of a 10MR zeolite and a 12MR zeolite in combination with a hydrogenation component. The hydrogenation component can be a mixture of non-noble metal components or a mixture of noble metal components. This novel and inventive process demonstrated a significant activity boost (as measured by increased cloud point reduction) and/or selectivity boost (as measured by reduced diesel loss) compared to either single zeolite component.

A highly active and selective solid catalyst comprising stable single-atom iridium (Ir) anchored in a zeolite, e.g., ZSM-5, for upcycling of plastics, such as high-density polyethylene, to yield valuable lower molecular weight hydrocarbon products is disclosed.

The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising at least 50 wt % related to the total weight of the feedstock of triglycerides, fatty acid esters and/or fatty acids having at least 10 carbon atoms into hydrogen, olefins, dienes, aromatics, gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas comprising: a) introducing of said feedstock in a first reactor to produce linear paraffins in presence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst and hydrogen, b) separating the effluent of said first reactor in at least three parts to produce at least a first stream comprising part of said linear paraffins and at least a second stream comprising part of said linear paraffins, and at least a third stream comprising part of said linear paraffins c) sending said first stream to a steam cracker to produce hydrogen, olefins, dienes, aromatics and gasoline, diesel fuel being further fractionated; d) introducing said second stream into a second reactor in presence of a hydrocracking or hydroisomerization catalyst to produce a mixture comprising diesel fuel, jet fuel, naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas being further fractionated e) blending said third stream with the diesel fuel obtained at said step d)
wherein said feedstock of said first reactor is diluted in order to limit the temperature increase within said first reactor; and wherein before entering the first reactor said dilution is performed with a weight ratio diluent:feedstock being 1:1, and wherein said diluent comprises at least part of said paraffins obtained at step b).

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing aromatic compounds from pyrolysis gasoline comprising C.sub.5-C.sub.6 non-aromatic hydrocarbons includes aromatizing the pyrolysis gasoline in an aromatization unit, thereby converting the C.sub.5-C.sub.6 non-aromatic hydrocarbons to a first stream comprising benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX); hydrotreating the first stream comprising BTX in a selective hydrotreatment unit, thereby producing a de-olefinated stream comprising BTX hydrodealkylating and transalkylating the de-olefinated stream comprising BTX in a hydrodealkylation-transalkylation unit, thereby producing a second stream comprising BTX, the second stream comprising BTX having a greater amount of benzene and xylenes than the first stream comprising BTX; and processing the second stream comprising BTX in an aromatics recovery complex, thereby producing the aromatic compounds from the pyrolysis gasoline, the aromatic compounds comprising benzene, toluene, and xylenes.

A system of interlocks for controlling flow of low temperature process streams in a manufacturing process through a cold box to equipment or piping not specified for such temperatures by opening and closing valves and starting and stopping pumps. At least one interlock affects streams heated in the cold box. At least one interlock affects the streams cooled in the cold box. The interlocks are activated by temperatures of process lines to prevent exposure of equipment and piping to low temperatures while preventing the shutdown of the cold box. An override controller including a predictive failure capability is also provided.

Device and process for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds, in which the feedstock is treated notably by means of a fractionation train (4-7), a xylene separation unit (10) and an isomerization unit (11), and in which a pyrolysis unit (13) treats a second hydrocarbon feedstock, produces a pyrolysis effluent feeding the feedstock, and produces a pyrolysis gas comprising CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2; a reverse water gas shift RWGS reaction section (50) treats the pyrolysis gas and produces an RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water; a fermentation reaction section (52) treats the RWGS gas enriched in CO and in water, to produce ethanol and recycle the ethanol to the inlet of the pyrolysis unit.