A system for producing a hydrocarbon by high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is described. The system includes a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, a reaction water separation unit, and a catalyst reduction unit. The catalyst reduction unit uses a gas containing the tail gas of the synthesis unit as a reducing gas and a small amount of synthesis gas for adjusting the hydrogen to carbon ratio, to react with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. After the reduction reaction, the reacted gas is cooled to room temperature, and enters a gas-liquid separator to obtain a gas phase and a liquid phase. The gas phase flows to a cryogenic separation unit to recover gaseous hydrocarbons. The liquid phase is separated into reaction water and Fischer-Tropsch oil products. The reduced catalyst is sent to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit.

The present invention relates to the extraction of gasoline from a gas G, with (a) a step of extracting gasoline from the gas to be treated comprising methanol GM obtained from step (d), (b) a step of separating said fluid GL1 partially condensed in step (a), producing a first aqueous liquid phase A1, a first liquid phase H1 of hydrocarbon(s) a gaseous phase G1 obtained from the gas G; (c) a step of contacting a portion of the gas G to be treated with said first aqueous liquid phase A1, producing a second aqueous liquid phase A2, a gaseous phase of gas to be treated comprising methanol GM′; (d) a step of mixing said gaseous phase of gas to be treated comprising methanol GM′ with the remainder of the gas G to be treated, producing a gas to be treated comprising methanol GM, (e) a step of stabilizing said first liquid phase H1 of hydrocarbon(s).

Systems and methods are provided for performing slurry hydroconversion of feeds that include substantial amounts of 1050° F+ (566° C+) components. The productivity of the slurry hydroconversion reaction is improved by recycling slurry hydroconversion pitch or bottoms back to the slurry hydroprocessing reaction system. The mass flow rate of the recycle stream can correspond to 50% or more of the mass flow rate of the fresh feed to the reaction system, and the recycle stream can include more than 50 wt % of 566° C+ components. It has been discovered that using a substantial recycle stream composed of a majority of unconverted 566° C+ bottoms can increase the productivity of the slurry hydroprocessing reaction system when operating at a net conversion relative to 524° C (975° F) of less than 90 wt %. Additionally, by using a recycle stream composed of a majority of 566° C+ components, the amount of lower boiling components (in the heavy hydrocarbon feed and/or in the recycle stream) that are exposed multiple times to the slurry hydroprocessing environment is reduced or minimized This can allow for formation of slurry hydroconversion products with increased amounts of vacuum gas oil boiling range components.

A process for selectively making hydrocracked n-paraffins from hydrocarbon compositions comprising heavy n-paraffins is disclosed. The process generally comprises the use of a hydrocracking catalyst comprising an unsulfided low acidity noble metal containing zeolite. The invention is useful for making lighter n-paraffin products for various applications, generally including upgrading hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce fuels, solvents, lubricants, chemicals and other hydrocarbonaceous compositions, and more particularly, as feedstocks for ethylene and linear alkyl benzene production and as jet and diesel fuel blend components.

Disclosed is a method for maximizing ethylene or propene production, the main steps thereof being: taking crude oil and distillate thereof, pre-processing urban mixed-waste plastics as raw material, then entering same into a catalytic cracking reactor, removing via a two-stage pre-wash tower and related separation, then cooling the reacted high-temperature oil and gas and removing impurities to obtain light and heavy distillate oils; performing a hydrogenation reaction operation on the heavy distillate oil; performing light distillate oil separation, performing a recombination operation on its olefins, its alkanes entering a steam cracking apparatus to produce rich ethylene, and its aromatic components being separated as by-products; the product of the described hydrogenation and recombination reaction and the steam-cracked distillate oil is recycled to the catalytic cracking reactor. In the production method of the present invention, the yield of ethylene and propene together is 45-75 m % of the raw material, and the yield of aromatics is 15-30 m % of the raw material; in particular, when using urban mixed-waste plastics as raw material, the ethylene or propene thus produced are used to produce new plastics by way of a conventional polymerization process, achieving the chemical recycling of waste plastics.

A catalytic cracking gasoline prehydrogenation method is provided. Thiol etherification and double bond isomerization reactions are carried out on catalytic cracking gasoline through a prehydrogenation reactor. The reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature is between 80° C. and 160° C., the reaction pressure is between 1 MPa and 5 MPa, the liquid-volume hourly space velocity is from 1 to 10 h.sup.−1, and the hydrogen-oil volume ratio is (3-8):1; a prehydrogenation catalyst comprises a carrier and active ingredients, the carrier contains an aluminium oxide composite carrier with a macroporous structure and one or more of ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-35, mordenite, amorphous form aluminum silicon, SAPO-11, MCM-22, a Y molecular sieve and a beta molecular sieve, the surface of the carrier is loaded with one or more of the active ingredients cobalt, molybdenum, nickel and tungsten; based on oxides, the content of the active ingredients is between 0.1% and 15.5%.

An apparatus and method for producing hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons and lower olefins including propylene from CH.sub.4 and CO.sub.2 through CO and H.sub.2 with high activity and high selectivity. The apparatus is provided with: a synthetic gas production unit to which a gas containing CH.sub.4 and CO.sub.2 is supplied from a first supply unit, and which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and H.sub.2 while heating a first catalyst structure; a production unit to which the synthetic gas is supplied and which generates hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbon atoms and lower olefins including propylene while heating a second catalyst structure; and a detection unit which detects propylene and the aromatic hydrocarbons discharged from the production unit, in which the first catalyst structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle in the first supports, the first supports have a first channels, the first metal fine particle is present in the first channels, the second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports, the second supports have a second channels, and a portion of the second channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less.

Light olefins may be produced from hydrocarbons by a method including passing a hydrocarbon feed stream into a feed inlet of a reactor. The reactor may include an upper reactor portion defining an upper reaction zone and a lower reactor portion defining a lower reaction zone. The catalyst may move in a generally downward direction through the upper reactor portion and the lower reactor portion, and the hydrocarbon feed stream may move in a generally upward direction through the upper reactor portion and lower reactor portion such that the hydrocarbon feed stream and the catalyst move with a counter-current orientation. Contacting the catalyst with the hydrocarbon feed stream may crack one or more components of the hydrocarbon feed stream and form a hydrocarbon product stream. The method may further include passing the hydrocarbon product stream out of the upper reaction zone through the hydrocarbon product outlet.

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock that utilizes a short residence pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that cracks and chemically upgrades the feedstock. The method for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an upflow reactor, introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the upflow reactor at a location above that of the particulate heat carrier so that a loading ratio of the particulate heat carrier to feedstock is from about 15:1 to about 200:1, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier with a residence time of less than about 1 second, to produce a product stream, separating the product stream from the particulate heat carrier, regenerating the particulate heat carrier, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

A process for facile separation of lighter hydrocarbon fractions from the heavier fractions of hydrocarbon oil feedstocks is disclosed, which utilizes novel sparging and reverse distillation techniques. The present invention can be utilized for the facile “topping” of crude oil extracted on-site. Moreover, while heavier hydrocarbon fractions may be shipped to refineries for further processing, this invention will also prove useful for quick separation of light fractions produced by cracking processes off-site.