This invention generally refers to a new generation of fuel additives which can provide catalytic action to improve the combustion process of fossil fuels and to a catalyst among others containing an iron compound combined with an over-based magnesium compound with molecular size particles inside the combustion chamber. Such fuel additive catalysts are particularly useful for fuel oil combustion, natural gas combustion, stationary gas turbines, natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, diesel engines, gasoline engines and all stationary dual-fuel engines.

A process for hydrotreating a renewable feedstock with improved carbon monoxide management is disclosed. A mixture of renewable feedstock and hydrocarbon feedstock is treated in a hydrotreating reactor to produce a hydrotreated effluent stream and contacting the hydrotreated effluent stream with a water gas shift catalyst bed to produce a shift reactor effluent stream. The shift reactor effluent stream is passed to a cold separator to recover a cold vapor stream and recycling the cold vapor stream having reduced concentration of carbon monoxide to the hydrotreating zone. The subject matter disclosed provides an improved process and apparatus to reduce the accumulation of CO by converting CO present in the hydrotreated effluent stream to CO.sub.2 using the water shift gas reaction.

Processes and facilities for producing recycled chemical products from waste plastic are described herein. The processes include treating process streams, such as a pyrolysis gas stream and/or at least a portion of a cracker furnace effluent stream, in a caustic scrubber process to remove certain components, such as carbon dioxide. The spent caustic solution from the caustic scrubber process is then recycled and reused in other caustic processes within the facility, which can include a halogen neutralization process from removing halogens from a liquification process off-gas.

The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a synthetic fuel comprising gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock comprising waste materials and/or biomass to generate a raw synthesis gas; supplying the raw synthesis gas to a primary clean-up zone to wash particulates and ammonia or HCl out of the raw synthesis gas; contacting the synthesis gas in a secondary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for sulphurous materials; contacting the desulphurised raw synthesis gas in a tertiary clean-up zone with a physical solvent for CO.sub.2 effective to absorb CO.sub.2; removing at least part of the absorbed CO.sub.2 in a solvent regeneration stage to recover CO.sub.2 in a form sufficiently pure for sequestration or other use; and supplying the clean synthesis gas to a further reaction train to generate a synthetic fuel.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a structure comprising YO.sub.2 and optionally comprising X.sub.2O.sub.3, preferably comprising YO.sub.2 and X.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein said process comprises the steps of (1) providing a mixture comprising one or more ammonium compounds of which the ammonium cation has the formula (I):
[R.sup.1R.sup.2NR.sup.3R.sup.4].sup.+(I) and further comprising one or more sources for YO.sub.2 and one or more sources for X.sub.2O.sub.3; (2) crystallizing the mixture provided in (1);
wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and X is a trivalent element, and
wherein in formula (I)
R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently from one another derivatized or underivatized methyl, and
R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently from one another derivatized or underivatized (C.sub.3-C.sub.5)alkyl, and
wherein the molar ratio of ammonium cation having the formula (I) to Y in the mixture provided in step (1) and crystallized in step (2) is equal to or greater than 0.25.

A process and apparatus for hydrotreating a renewable feedstock with improved carbon monoxide management is disclosed. A mixture of renewable feedstock and hydrocarbon feedstock is treated in a hydrotreating reactor to produce a hydrotreated effluent stream and contacting the hydrotreated effluent stream with a water gas shift catalyst bed to produce a shift reactor effluent stream. The shift reactor effluent stream is passed to a cold separator to recover a cold vapor stream and recycling the cold vapor stream having reduced concentration of carbon monoxide to the hydrotreating zone. The subject matter disclosed provides an improved process and apparatus to reduce the accumulation of CO by converting CO present in the hydrotreated effluent stream to CO2 using the water shift gas reaction.

Methods and apparatus for processing hydrocarbon and other feedstocks that contain lighter volatile component(s) along with heavier volatile or non-volatile component(s) and/or contaminant(s). The principal benefit being that a feedstock can be processed and separated into its distinct volatile components down to elemental and/or molecular levels, including the ability to handle the heaviest tars and bitumen within the system. This effectively provides onsite value add to the feedstock resource (minus the waste streams such as water, sulfur, or sand; which may have value as isolated components in their own right). The system is robust and can include innovative hardware, methods, and/or software. The system can isolate water, chemical, various hydrocarbon, and particle contaminants of arbitrary concentrations and sizes. These factors provide for significant increases in processing efficiencies and capabilities in the fields of refining and environmental recovery. In a variety of operating scenarios, near-zero emissions can be achieved while processing.

Methods and apparatus for processing hydrocarbon and other feedstocks that contain lighter volatile component(s) along with heavier volatile or non-volatile component(s) and/or contaminant(s). The principal benefit being that a feedstock can be processed and separated into its distinct volatile components down to elemental and/or molecular levels, including the ability to handle the heaviest tars and bitumen within the system. This effectively provides onsite value add to the feedstock resource (minus the waste streams such as water, sulfur, or sand; which may have value as isolated components in their own right). The system is robust and can include innovative hardware, methods, and/or software. The system can isolate water, chemical, various hydrocarbon, and particle contaminants of arbitrary concentrations and sizes. These factors provide for significant increases in processing efficiencies and capabilities in the fields of refining and environmental recovery. In a variety of operating scenarios, near-zero emissions can be achieved while processing.

A dividing wall column or a pair of conventional columns can be used to separate an unstabilized naphtha stream to produce an aromatics-free light naphtha stream as a feed for a catalytic cracking unit for olefins production.

A dividing wall column or a pair of conventional columns can be used to separate an unstabilized naphtha stream to produce an aromatics-free light naphtha stream as a feed for a catalytic cracking unit for olefins production.