A method of producing olefins by catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method may include catalytic cracking hydrocarbons in a feed stream that includes the hydrocarbons and the dry gas diluent. The catalytic cracking may be carried out in a process using a train of fixed bed reactors while one or more other trains of fixed bed reactors are being regenerated or are on standby after being regenerated. When the train of fixed bed reactors being used needs regenerating, it is taken out of service and the one or more other trains of fixed bed reactors put in service to carry out the catalytic cracking process. Dry gas instead of steam may be used to reduce the partial pressure of hydrocarbons.

A process for upgrading heavy oil is provided, which integrates thermal cracking, hydrogenolysis, and catalytic aquathermolysis. A catalytic hydrogen-aquathermolysis reactor receives a heavy oil feed, water and hydrogen. In addition catalytic materials and a viscosity reducing agent are introduced. The catalytic hydrogen-aquathermolysis reactor is operated at conditions effective to produce an upgraded heavy oil product.

A process for hydrotreating a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock may include producing a hydrotreated effluent by hydrotreating the feedstock in a three-phase trickle reactor to remove a first portion of the sulfur from the feedstock, separating the first hydrotreated effluent to give a hydrogen-containing gaseous fraction and a separated hydrotreated effluent, stripping the separated hydrotreated effluent to give a hydrogen sulfide-containing gaseous fraction and a stripped hydrotreated effluent, saturating the stripped hydrotreated effluent with hydrogen, and hydrotreating the hydrogen-saturated effluent in a two-phase reactor to remove a remaining second portion of the sulfur and produce a second hydrotreated effluent.

A process plant and a process for production of a hydrocarbon suitable for use as jet fuel from a feedstock being a renewable feedstock or an oxygenate feedstock, including combining the feedstock with an amount of a liquid diluent, directing it to contact a material catalytically active in hydrodeoxygenation under hydrotreating conditions to provide a hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product, separating the hydrodeoxygenated intermediate product in at least two fractions; a vapor fraction and a liquid fraction, directing at least an amount of the liquid fraction to contact a material catalytically active in isomerization under isomerization conditions to provide an isomerized intermediate product, directing at least an amount of the isomerized intermediate product and a stream comprising sulfur to provide a hydrocracked intermediate product, and fractionating the hydrocracked intermediate product to provide at least a hydrocarbon suitable for use as jet fuel.

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fuels comprising renewable content. More particularly, the technology relates to manufacture of renewable diesel for potential use as aviation turbine fuel blendstock.

Disclosed herein are methods for producing hydrocarbons from a subterranean reservoir that is penetrated by an injection well and a production well. The methods comprise operating the injection well under a set of injection parameters and operating the production well under a set of production parameters to produce a production fluid that has an API gravity that changes over time (ΔAPI) as the method is advanced towards an ultimate recovery factor (RF.sub.o,u) for the reservoir. The methods further comprises modulating the injection parameters, the production parameters, or a combination thereof to decrease or increase the API gravity of the production fluid depending on whether ΔAPI and RF.sub.o,u satisfy a set of requirements as disclosed herein.

A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. Hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock occurs in a first hydrotreating bed arranged downstream of a polishing bed. A gaseous phase is removed and the liquid hydrotreated phase is fed to the polishing bed arranged upstream of the first hydrotreating bed together with fresh hydrogen. The process effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation, and the arrangement makes efficient use of fresh hydrogen for polishing, providing a polished hydrocarbon product rich in dissolved hydrogen. Part of the product can be used as hydrocarbon diluent in the downstream hydrotreating bed, and/or withdrawn between the polishing and hydrotreating bed and isomerised in an isomerisation reactor.

A process for preparing hydrocarbons from an oxygenated hydrocarbon feedstock, such as animal fat, having a high nitrogen impurity is described. The process involves hydrotreatment of the oxygenated feedstock in a first hydrotreating reactor and a further hydrotreatment in a second hydrotreating reactor, where between the two reactors, the gaseous phase is removed. The specific process setup effectively removes nitrogen impurities from the resultant hydrocarbon product causing an improved cloud point after isomerisation.

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fuels comprising renewable content. More particularly, the technology relates to manufacture of renewable diesel for potential use as aviation turbine fuel blendstock.

Technologies for reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil are disclosed. In embodiments the technologies utilize a combination of a processing additive composition (PAC) and hydrodynamic cavitation to produce an oil composition having a viscosity V2, wherein V2 is at least 40% less than a viscosity VI of untreated heavy crude oil. PACs, systems for reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil using a combination of a PAC and hydrodynamic cavitation, and methods for reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil with a combination of a PAC and hydrodynamic cavitation are also disclosed.