A hydrothermal treatment device (3) is a hydrothermal treatment device (3) performing hydrothermal treatment by heating high-water-content biomass, the hydrothermal treatment device (3) including a treatment container (21) that stores sludge, a sludge supply unit (22) that supplies the sludge to inside of the treatment container (21) such that a space (S) is formed in a vertical upper part of the treatment container (21), a stirrer (23) that is provided within the treatment container (21) and stirs stored matter such that counter flows in an up/down direction occur, and a heat transfer tube (24) that is disposed in a horizontal direction within the treatment container (21) and heats the sludge with heat of vapor flowing within the heat transfer tube (24).

Char fuels are described that result from a simple and efficient carbonization of cellulosic and/or lignin-containing materials, and can be provided as pellets, briquettes, or powders. Such char fuels show very low water absorption.

The invention relates to a material and/or solid fuel which is produced from biomass. The material and/or fuel can be produced according to an apparatus and system for producing a fuel from a solid-liquid mixture of water and feed material with a carbon containing component, wherein the biomass forming the solid-liquid mixture is treated at a temperature of 160-300° C. at a pressure of at least 5 bar for a treatment duration of at least 2 hours and water formed by the chemical reaction is withdrawn from the reactor by a solid-liquid separation filtration device to increase a carbon fraction of the fuel.

A method and a system for improving the GHG emission reduction performance of fuels, heating mediums and combustion materials and for enriching agricultural land with C-containing humus.

There is a process for the production of a liquid fuel and of a gaseous fuel from biomass. The biomass is sent to a pre-treatment section to form a homogeneous phase that can be moved and/or pumped, wherein inert parts are separated from the biomass and the biomass shredded and/or ground to reduce its size. The homogeneous phase obtained is then subjected to subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction at a temperature between 240° C. and 310° C. to form a liquefied phase. The liquefied phase is separated. After separation, the process continues in two alternative and mutually exclusive modes. In the first mode, the first aqueous phase is subjected to an anaerobic reaction with multiple stages producing biogas; the oily phase is separated into a bio-oil and a solid residue. In the second mode, the separate mixed phase is separated by density or dynamics forming a first aqueous phase, bio-oil and a gaseous phase. The first aqueous phase is subjected to a multiple-stage anaerobic reaction from which biogas, a muddy current and a second aqueous phase are produced.

A laminar stream reactor for the production of hydrochar of a solid-fluid mixture of water and a carbon-containing component, wherein the solid-fluid mixture is treated at a temperature of 100-300° C. and a pressure of 5-70 bar, consists of tubular reactor units of largely vertical holding sections (1,3) and direction-changing diverters (2,4). The holding sections are thereby flown through slower by the solid-fluid mixture than the remaining tube distances, as they have larger diameters.

A hydrothermal treatment device (3) is a hydrothermal treatment device (3) performing hydrothermal treatment by heating high-water-content biomass, the hydrothermal treatment device (3) including a treatment container (21) that stores sludge, a sludge supply unit (22) that supplies the sludge to inside of the treatment container (21) such that a space (S) is formed in a vertical upper part of the treatment container (21), a stirrer (23) that is provided within the treatment container (21) and stirs stored matter such that counter flows in an up/down direction occur, and a heat transfer tube (24) that is disposed in a horizontal direction within the treatment container (21) and heats the sludge with heat of vapor flowing within the heat transfer tube (24).

Methods are provided for simple and efficient carbonization of cellulosic and/or lignin-containing materials to generate a char suitable for use as a pellet fuel. Cellulosic and/or lignin-containing waste materials can be suspended in water with a catalyst and, optionally, a carbonate and heated to generate a char. This char can be dried and formed into carbonized pellets suitable for use as fuel.

A fertilizer/soil conditioner or a fuel source material is formed by processing animal waste by-products through the use of a rotary biomass dryer system. The animal waste by-product includes without limitation manure obtained from cattle or swine; feed lot bedding, poultry litter, a digestate of animal waste by-products obtained from an anaerobic digester, municipal waste, waste meat renderings, waste meat, or a mixture thereof. The processed material may comprise a higher amount of ash and a lower amount of volatile material than the animal waste by-product. The processed material may be stored as a powder or processed into pellets, logs, pucks, briquettes or another convenient shape form.

A waste treatment system 100 for performing a hydrothermal treatment of wastes includes a hydrothermal treatment device 10 for performing the hydrothermal treatment by bringing steam into contact with the wastes, a storage facility 8, 9 for storing a fuel produced from a reactant of the hydrothermal treatment, and a heat recovery steam generator 18 for generating the steam to be supplied to the hydrothermal treatment device 10. The heat recovery steam generator 18 is configured to generate the steam by using a combustion energy generated by combustion of the fuel stored in the storage facility 8, 9.