There is described a hydro-fuel composition of a water solution containing hydrogen, wherein the water solution has less than 1000 ppm total dissolved solids, and an oxidation reduction potential of less than 250 milliVolts. The hydro-fuel composition can be used in a diesel engine after the temperature of the diesel engine reaches a temperature of 80 C. to 90 C.

A method for powering a diesel engine with a fuel emulsion involves preparing the fuel emulsion by emulsifying a fuel and water in the presence of an emulsifier package, which contains a branched surfactant of the formula (I) as defined below and optionally, a propoxylated surfactant of the formula (II) as defined below. A fuel emulsion for powering a diesel engine is also provided.

Provided is a fuel composition prepared by adding gas-to-liquid oil and water to light cycle oil to conduct emulsification. The fuel composition is used as a fuel for a diesel engine (12) in a ship (10). The ship (10) includes a fresh water tank (15), an LCO tank (13), and a GTL tank (14) configured to store water, light cycle oil, and gas-to-liquid oil, respectively, and a mixer (16) configured to mix the water, the light cycle oil, and the gas-to-liquid oil fed from the respective tanks to produce the fuel composition.

A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H.sub.2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condenser, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.

The invention relates generally to a charcoal ignition fluid that is composed of a cellulose ether polymer, butanol, and water. The charcoal ignition fluid has performance characteristics similar to petroleum distillate but is more sustainable. Additionally, the charcoal ignition fluid can include ethanol and/or an alcohol to reduce the water content. Moreover, the charcoal ignition fluid can include an acetate salt to increase the visible flame for safety purposes. The charcoal ignition fluid may also include an organic ester to enhance the odor of the ignition fluid.

There is described a hydro-fuel composition of a water solution containing hydrogen, wherein the water solution has less than 1000 ppm total dissolved solids, and an oxidation reduction potential of less than 250 milliVolts. The hydro-fuel composition can be used in a diesel engine after the temperature of the diesel engine reaches a temperature of 80 C. to 90 C.

Provided is mineral functional water including beneficial efficacy, such as improving action of combustion efficiency. Electromagnetic waves irradiated by mineral components contained in the mineral functional water according to the present invention reveals combustion-promoting action on hydrocarbons, such as hydrocarbons fuel.

A secondary fluid is provided for use in an internal combustion engine that burns a primary fuel. The secondary fluid comprises about 15 vol % to about 30 vol % of alcohol; and about 0.0025 vol % to about 0.5 vol % of a lubricity enhancer which optionally is a castor oil. The secondary fluid is a thermodynamically stable microemulsion with water being the continuous phase.

A reformed fuel manufacturing apparatus and method is provided, including a water tank unit configured to pretreat a water introduced therein by using a carbon filter and a reverse osmosis purifier, the water is additionally pretreated by applying voltage therein with an electrolysis device, an oil tank unit configured to store an oil introduced from an oil inlet, a mixed oil unit connected to the water tank unit and the oil tank unit and configured to produce a mixed oil by using an inline mixer, and an ionization catalyst unit connected to the mixed oil unit and configured to convert the mixed oil to a reformed fuel.

Processes and systems for stabilizing a condensate feed and mitigating fouling include providing a raw condensate, having greater than 2000 ppmv free and emulsified water, to a stabilizer feed drum. The free and emulsified water has greater than 40000 ppm salt. The stabilizer feed drum comprises a liquid-liquid separation parallel plate pack internals to separate the raw condensate into a water phase and an oil phase. The resulting oil phase comprises less than 500 ppmv free and emulsified water and is fed to a stabilizer system including a stabilizer column and one or more reboilers. In the stabilizer system, the oil phase is separated into a vapor and a stabilized condensate. The process includes operating the stabilizer column at an overhead pressure greater than 12 barg and a bottoms temperature greater than 135 C. The stabilized condensate has a true vapor pressure (TVP) of less than 3.8 barg.