The present disclosure is related to refining one or more grain oil composition streams (e.g., distillers corn oil or syrup) in a biorefinery to provide one or more refined grain oil products, where each grain oil product has targeted amounts of a free fatty acid component and the fatty acid alkyl ester component.

Systems and methods of producing a solid fuel composition are disclosed. In particular, systems and methods for producing a solid fuel composition by heating and mixing a solid waste mixture below atmospheric pressure to a maximum temperature sufficient to melt the mixed plastics within the solid waste mixture is disclosed.

A process for extraction of crude oil from distillers dried grain solubles and/or distillers dried grains and producing corn distillers meal that may be used as a livestock supplement is disclosed. For example, the corn distillers meal may be used as a crude protein supplement for use in a livestock feed diet or a poultry feed diet. The solvent extracted crude oil may be suitable for oleochemical processing for personal care and home care products, biodiesel production, and/or renewable diesel production from hydro-treating the extracted oil to make green diesel fuel.

The invention relates to a method for reducing the content of monoglycerides (MG), in particular saturated monoglycerides (GMG), in a raw biodiesel (RB), which has a content of monoglycerides (MG) of between 0.4 and 0.7 wt % and a content of free fatty acids (FFA) of less than or equal to 0.25 wt %, comprising the following steps: A) providing the raw biodiesel (RB) having the constituents indicated above in the concentrations indicated above; B) adding (1) an alkaline aqueous solution (L) to the raw biodiesel (RB); C) mixing the alkaline aqueous solution (L), and thus glycerides in the biodiesel, preferably monoglycerides (MG), in particular saturated monoglycerides (GMG), being hydrolyzed; D) performing a first centrifugal separation (2) of a heavy phase (6) comprising the alkaline aqueous solution (L) with the hydrolyzed constituents from a light phase (7) comprising the biodiesel; E) drying (5) the light phase (7) or (9) in order to provide a processed biodiesel for use as a fuel having a content of monoglycerides of less than 0.4 wt %. The invention further relates to a use according to the invention.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of worldwide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

For the shipping industry, these fuels provide solutions to long outstanding technical problems that heretofore hindered supply of low sulfur marine fuels in quantities needed to meet worldwide sulfur reduction goals. Marine shipping use of high sulfur bunker oils is reported as largest source of world-wide transportation SOx emissions. When ships on the open seas burn cheap low grade heavy bunker oils high in sulfur, nitrogen and metals, the SOx, NOx, and metal oxides go to the environment. This invention converts essentially all of each barrel of crude feed to a single ultraclean fuel versus conventional refining where crude feed is cut into many pieces, and each piece is sent down a separate market path meeting various different product specifications. When in port, ships can use these fuels to generate and sell electricity to land based electrical grids to offset fuel cost in an environment-friendly manner.

An inert gas generating system includes a source of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and a fractioning unit configured to receive a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel from the source. The fractioning unit includes a perm-selective membrane configured to separate the portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel into substantially sulfur-free vapors and a sulfur-containing remainder. The system further includes a catalytic oxidation unit configured to receive and react the substantially sulfur-free vapors to produce an inert gas.

A gas separation and utilization method includes the steps of: (a) providing an ascending flow of a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas and methane gas; (b) extracting at least a fraction of the methane gas from the liquid to provide a methane enriched gas; (c) extracting at least a fraction of the carbon dioxide gas from the liquid to provide a carbon dioxide enriched gas, which is extracted from the ascending flow of the liquid downstream of the methane enriched gas; (d) collecting the methane enriched gas; (e) feeding the carbon dioxide enriched gas as a fuel into an oxyfuel power generation system; (f) generating power from the oxyfuel power generation system; and (g) expelling an exhaust from the oxyfuel power generation system, wherein the exhaust comprises carbon dioxide and water vapor. A system configured to perform the method and a grid balancing method using the system are also disclosed.

A microwave reactor includes a chamber, at least one microwave source, a sprayer and a vapor extractor. The chamber includes a containing space and a reacting space. The containing space is communicated with the reacting space and provided for containing a reactant. The microwave source is connected to one side wall of the reacting space of the chamber. The sprayer is communicated with the containing space of the chamber for turning the reactant into a mist and spraying the mist in the reacting space of the chamber. The vapor extractor is connected to the reacting space. When the water contained in the mist is gasified to produces a water vapor, the water vapor can be exhausted from the chamber by the vapor extractor.