The present application provides charcoal briquettes infused with a flammable composition including fusel oil and/or one or more dehydration products of fusel oil and the flammable compositions including one or more dehydration products of fusel oil.

The present disclosure discloses a vertical type combined filter separator, including a shell. The inside of the shell is divided into a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity, a fourth cavity and a fifth cavity in sequence from a first end to a second end. A gas intake connection pipe is arranged on the second cavity, and several cyclone separators are arranged in the second cavity. For each cyclone separator, a gas inlet is exposed into the second cavity, a dust discharging port communicates with the first cavity, and an exhaust port communicates with the third cavity. The third cavity passes through the fourth cavity through the communicating pipe and directly communicates with the fifth cavity. The fifth cavity communicates with the fourth cavity through a filter separation assembly. A gas outlet connection pipe for discharging separated purified gas is arranged on the fourth cavity.

The present disclosure discloses a horizontal type combined filter separator, including a barrel-shaped structure. The inside of the shell is sequentially divided into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity from a first end and a second end. A fourth cavity is formed in the first cavity. The horizontal type combined filter separator further includes a communicating pipe with one opened end and one closed end; the closed end of the communicating pipe extends into the first cavity, and the opened end passes through the second cavity and extends into the third cavity. The shell is provided with a gas intake connection pipe communicating with the fourth cavity. A plurality of cyclone separators are provided; a gas inlet of each cyclone separator communicates with the fourth cavity; a dust discharging port communicates with the first cavity; and an exhaust port extends into the communicating pipe.

A low value aromatic fuel blending composition containing dissolved waste polystyrene materials having a caloric value comparable to the heavy aromatic compounds in which it is dissolved is disclosed, along with a process for its production from a mixture of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons recovered as the bottoms/reject streams from a variety of refinery aromatics recovery units.

A process for upgrading of a coal product is provided. The process comprising the steps of: (i) providing a purified coal composition, wherein the composition is in the form of solid particles, and wherein at least about 90% by volume (% vol) of the solid particles are no greater than about 500 μm in diameter; and (ii) combining the purified coal composition with a solid coal feedstock, in order to create a combined solid-solid blend upgraded coal product. Further a process for preparation of a purified coal product is provided. The process comprising the steps of: obtaining a starting material that comprises coal; subjecting the starting material to at least one fine grinding stage so as to reduce the starting material to a particulate composition in which substantially all of the particles are no more than 500 microns (μm) in diameter; exposing the particulate composition to at least one froth flotation stage so as to separate hydrocarbonaceous material comprised within the particulate composition from mineral matter, wherein during the at least one froth flotation stage the hydrocarbonaceous material is associated with froth produced and separated from the at least one froth flotation stage; washing the froth separated from the at least one froth flotation stage with water to release the hydrocarbonaceous material; and subjecting the hydrocarbonaceous material to at least one dewatering stage so as to obtain a particulate purified coal product that has an ash content of less than 12% m, a water content of less than 25% m and wherein the particles comprised within the particulate purified coal product have a d90 of less than 00 μm. Products, such as pelletized or briquetted coal, comprising purified coal material obtainable via the described processes are also provided.

Embodiments of the invention include a filtration system with a separation system including a primary process vessel with a main body enclosing an internal volume, and a removable end cap coupled to one of the ends of the main body. The primary process vessel includes fluid apertures enabling a fluid stream to enter or exit the inner volume. The separation system includes a filter support positioned in the inner volume, and a filter assembly coupled to the filter support. In some embodiments, the filtration system further includes a support frame, and the separation system is mounted on the support frame. In some embodiments, the separation system is fluidly coupled to another separation system. In some embodiments, the filter assembly includes a coalescing filter. In some further embodiments, the filter assembly includes a filter configured and arranged to filter hydrocarbons.

A method of improving the emulsification performance of nonionic alkoxylated surfactants, for example when used as fuel additives. The method involves a) providing a composition comprising at least one nonionic alkoxylated surfactant; and b) prior to the addition of said composition to an aircraft fuel, thermally cycling said composition by (i) chilling the composition from a first temperature to a second temperature that causes metal ions and/or associated ions contained therein to precipitate as ionic salts; (ii) filtering the chilled composition to remove the precipitated ionic salts; and (iii) heating the filtered composition to the first temperature.

There is a process for the production of a liquid fuel and of a gaseous fuel from biomass. The biomass is sent to a pre-treatment section to form a homogeneous phase that can be moved and/or pumped, wherein inert parts are separated from the biomass and the biomass shredded and/or ground to reduce its size. The homogeneous phase obtained is then subjected to subcritical hydrothermal liquefaction at a temperature between 240° C. and 310° C. to form a liquefied phase. The liquefied phase is separated. After separation, the process continues in two alternative and mutually exclusive modes. In the first mode, the first aqueous phase is subjected to an anaerobic reaction with multiple stages producing biogas; the oily phase is separated into a bio-oil and a solid residue. In the second mode, the separate mixed phase is separated by density or dynamics forming a first aqueous phase, bio-oil and a gaseous phase. The first aqueous phase is subjected to a multiple-stage anaerobic reaction from which biogas, a muddy current and a second aqueous phase are produced.

Methods, systems, and devices for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture are provided. For example, a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen (C—O—H) compound may be heated to a temperature of at least 800 degrees Celsius such that the C—O—H compound reacts through a non-oxidation reaction to generate at least a hydrocarbon compound that may be at least a component of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or a hydrocarbon chemical. The liquid hydrocarbon fuel may be a liquid when at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. The C—O—H compound may include biomass. In some cases, the hydrocarbon compound produced through the non-oxidation reaction includes a hydrocarbon aerosol form as the hydrocarbon compound at least as it is produced or cools. Some embodiments include aerosol capture methods, systems, and devices, which may include passing a hydrocarbon aerosol form through a material in a liquid phase in order to gather the aerosol material.

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe binder materials from birch bark, methods of making the binder materials, fuel compositions comprising the binder materials, methods of forming the fuel compositions in the form of pellets and/or briquettes, and the like.