One aspect of the present invention is a refrigerating machine oil containing: a base oil; and a partial ester of a carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, wherein the carboxylic acid contains an unsaturated carboxylic acid.

Aspects described herein generally relate to methods of making a phosphono paraffin comprising forming a reaction mixture by mixing a haloparaffin, a phosphite, and sodium iodide. Methods comprise heating the reaction mixture to form the phosphono paraffin. Aspects described herein further relate to a phosphono paraffin represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein each instance of R.sup.1 is independently —H or ##STR00002##
wherein each instance of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently linear or branched C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.1-20 cycloalkyl, or aryl; the number of instances where R.sup.1 is ##STR00003##
of formula (I) is between about 2 and about 8; and n is an integer between 4 and 22.

Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:

##STR00001##

in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.

A composition comprising a heat transfer portion and a lubricating portion, wherein the lubricating portion comprises one or more compounds according to formula (I) of the present disclosure, wherein W is H; Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.PCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, 0(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, polyalkylene glycol and polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 250; m is an integer from 0 to 3; and p is an integer from 0 to 9.

Drilling fluid compositions and methods for using drilling fluid compositions are provided with enhanced lubricating properties that include an aqueous-based fluid, one or more drilling fluid additives, and a lubricating additive. The lubricating additive may be an epoxidized α-olefin and the drilling fluid may include the lubricating additive in an amount ranging from about 1 ppb to about 20 ppb. Methods for using the drilling fluid compositions may further include mixing an aqueous base fluid with one or more drilling fluid additives and a lubricating additive, wherein the lubricating additive includes epoxidized α-olefin and the drilling fluid may include the lubricating additive in an amount ranging from about 0.5 ppb to about 20 ppb, and introducing the drilling fluid to a subterranean formation.

Provided are a heat source machine and an operation method of the same that employ predetermined solutions by using a predetermined refrigerating machine oil that can suppress deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil and viscosity reduction when a refrigerant is dissolved in the refrigerating machine oil. In the heat source machine (10) of the present disclosure, a compressor (11), a condenser (12), an expansion valve (13), and an evaporator (14) are connected to each other via main pipes (L.sub.1 to L.sub.8) to form a refrigerant circulation circuit configured to circulate a refrigerant, and the refrigerant circulation circuit is filled with HFO-1336mzz (Z) as a refrigerant. The heat source machine includes a refrigerating machine oil supply unit (15) configured to supply a refrigerating machine oil to the compressor (11), the refrigerating machine oil supply unit (15) includes a storage unit (15a) storing the refrigerating machine oil, the refrigerating machine oil includes an ester-based base oil having a dynamic viscosity of 100 mm.sup.2/s to 180 mm.sup.2/s at 40 C. and an epoxy-based acid scavenger at a mass of 0.1% by mass to 6% by mass with respect to a total mass of the refrigerating machine oil, and the machine design temperature is 130 C. or higher and 225 C. or lower.

The present disclosure provides compounds of formula (I), and preparation method thereof, ##STR00001## wherein W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br and I; X is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, CW.sub.3 and OR on the basis that at least one X is OR; R is independently selected from the group consisting of C(O)CH.sub.2).sub.m(CF.sub.2).sub.nY and CW.sub.2C(CW.sub.2OC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CF.sub.2).sub.nY).sub.3; m is an integer from 0 to 2;15 n is an integer from 2 to 8; Y is C(Z).sub.3; and Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br and I. Such compounds may be utilised as lubricants, for example in heat transfer compositions.

The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (Ia) or formula (Ib);

##STR00001##

##STR00002##

wherein each W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I and (CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3; each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, O(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, (CW.sub.2).sub.pOH, polyalkylene glycol and 15 polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 49; m is an integer from 0 to 3; p is an integer from 0 to 9; the molecular weight average (Mw) is ≤5500; and the polydispersity index is ≤1.45; compositions comprising these compounds and methods for their production.

Processes for preparing epoxide compounds are provided. Processes for using epoxide compounds and their industrial applications are also provided.

A compressor including a housing, a shaft configured to be rotated relative to the housing to compress a refrigerant, a motor configured to drive the shaft, a lubrication system configured to supply lubricant to the compressor, and a bearing configured to support the shaft. The shaft includes a wear-resistant sleeve-like treatment on at least a portion of an outer surface of the shaft adjacent the bearing. The lubricant is a lubricant blend composition that includes two or more lubricants, the two or more lubricants including a first lubricant and a second lubricant. The first lubricant is present at a higher volume percentage than the second lubricant, and the first lubricant includes a higher viscosity than the second lubricant.