The use of a complex ester obtainable by esterification reaction between aliphatic linear or branched C.sub.2- to C.sub.12-dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohols with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and, as chain stopping agents, aliphatic linear or branched C.sub.1- to C.sub.30-monocarboxylic acids or aliphatic linear or branched monobasic Ci- to C.sub.30-alcohols, as an additive in a fuel.

An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant composition having excellent lubrication properties in rigorous conditions such as a high temperature and/or a high pressure. The present invention relates to lubricant composition containing a condensate A which is obtained by condensing at least: an alkylene oxide adduct a1 of trihydric or more polyhydric alcohol formed by adding alkylene oxide to at least one hydroxyl group of the trihydric or more polyhydric alcohol; a divalent or more polyvalent carboxylic acid a2 or a precursor of the divalent or more polyvalent carboxylic acid a2; and at least one of a monovalent carboxylic acid a3, a precursor of the monovalent carboxylic acid a3, or monohydric alcohol a4.

This invention relates to the use of an oil-soluble mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride of at least one hydroxy polycarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof, as an anti-camshaft-wear additive in a non-aqueous lubricant composition and/or in a fuel composition.

The present invention provides a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine containing: a refrigerating machine oil containing, as a base oil, a mixed ester of (A) a complex ester synthesized from a polyhydric alcohol such as neopentyl glycol, a polybasic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a monohydric alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and the like, and (B) a polyol ester synthesized from a polyhydric alcohol such as neopentyl glycol and a monocarboxylic fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, in a mass ratio of (A) the complex ester/(B) the polyol ester of 5/95 to 95/5; and a refrigerant such as carbon dioxide.

An oil in water lubricant fluid for use in steel cold rolling, comprising an oil in water emulsion having a particle size of 1 m or less, consisting of an oil phase and water, where the oil phase includes about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % of at least one polymeric surfactant, about 25 wt % to about 95 wt % base oil, about 0.2 wt % to about 10 wt % extreme pressure lubrication additives, and about 0.5 wt % to about 6 wt % other functional additives.

Lubricant composition comprising a dicarboxylic acid ester component which is formed from a dicarboxylic acid selected from the list consisting of adipic acid, phthalic acid, pimilic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid, and mixtures thereof and a branched aliphatic alcohol ROH which is defined according to the following formula (I)

##STR00001##

whereas q, r and s are defined as follows, q+r=4 to 9, s=0 to 5, q=1 to 8, and r=1 to 6,
and an ethylene-propylene copolymer.

The present invention relates to a lubricant base stock, a lubricant composition, a method of lubricating an object and the use of a lubricant base stock. The lubricant base stock comprises a first ester which is the reaction product of: a first polyol comprising at least 3 hydroxyl groups; a first mono-carboxylic acid comprising from 4 to 18 carbon atoms; and a poly-carboxylic acid comprising at least 2 carboxyl groups and comprising from 20 to 60 carbon atoms. The lubricant base stock also comprises a second ester which is the reaction product of: a second polyol comprising at least 3 hydroxyl groups; and a second mono-carboxylic acid comprising from 4 to 18 carbon atoms.

A production method for a complex polyester composition includes obtaining a complex polyester composition by condensing polyhydric alcohol having three or more hydroxyl groups, a polycarboxylic acid having at least two carboxyl groups and carbon atoms of greater than or equal to 5, and monohydric alcohol having at least one oxyalkylene group in the absence of a solvent, wherein a component having a weight average molecular weight of less than or equal to 2000 in a GPC chart of the complex polyester composition is less than or equal to 43 area %.

The disclosure generally provides branched diester compounds having exceptional low-temperature and flow properties. The disclosure also provides uses of the branched diester compounds in lubricant compositions, for example, as a base oil, and in other applications where their low-temperature and flow properties can be employed beneficially. The disclosure also provides efficient and green methods for making the branched diester compounds.

In certain embodiments, a vegetable oil-based diester (1,6-hexyldioleate) was branched with propanoic acid (C3) using a green synthetic approach involving solvent-free and catalyst-free epoxide ring opening followed by in situ normal esterification. A total of three branched ester derivatives possessing varied numbers of internal protruding branched ester groups and hydroxyl groups were obtained. All of the pure branched derivatives were comprised of mixtures of positional isomers and/or stereoisomers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that regardless of the composition inhomogeneity of each branched derivative, crystallization was suppressed completely in all of the branched compounds, and they all demonstrated glass transitions below 65 C.

Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that this unique thermal behavior is attributed to the internal protruding branched moieties and hydroxyl groups, which dramatically slowed down mass transfer starting with the least branched compound (2-branched derivative). The viscosity of the branched compounds was one order of magnitude larger than that of the starting di ester due to the increased branching and increased resistance to flow associated with hydrogen bonding introduced by the OH groups. Overall, these branched diesters demonstrated superior low temperature and flow properties comparable to existing non-sustainable commercial lubricants and analogous biobased materials which makes them suitable alternatives for use in lubricant formulations particularly in high performance industrial gear and bearing lubricants.

Provided are a lubricant composition in which low friction and low abrasion are compatible in various temperatures and loads, and a manufacturing method of a lubricant composition. A lubricant composition of the present invention contains at least trivalent or more polyol a1; a mixture b1 of at least one of a polymerization reaction mixture of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 to 22 carbon atoms which contains at least 75 mass % of a divalent carboxylic acid having 36 to 44 carbon atoms or a mixture obtained by performing hydrogenation with respect to the polymerization reaction mixture; and composite ester A containing polyester in which monool c1 represented by General Formula (1) described below is condensed, in which a feed ratio of the number of moles of a hydroxyl group of a1/the number of moles of a carboxylic acid of b1/the number of moles of a hydroxyl group of c1 is 1/1.5 to 2.0/0.7 to 1.5, and a content of the composite ester A is 0.1 to 5 mass % with respect to the total mass of the lubricant composition.

ROHGeneral Formula (1):