This disclosure relates to cold cranking simulator viscosity (CCSV) boosting base stocks that allow flexibility for engine oil formulations to meet both high and low temperature viscosity requirements while maximizing fuel efficiency. The CCSV-boosting base stocks can include C28-C60 hydrocarbon materials, linear esters, tertiary amides, dialkyl carbonates, aromatic alcohols, and aromatic ethers. This disclosure also relates to lubricating oil formulations containing the CCSV-boosting base stocks, and a method for improving fuel efficiency in an engine by using as the engine oil a lubricating oil formulation containing one or more of the CCSV-boosting base stocks and/or cobase stocks.

This disclosure relates to cold cranking simulator viscosity (CCSV) boosting base stocks that allow flexibility for engine oil formulations to meet both high and low temperature viscosity requirements while maximizing fuel efficiency. The CCSV-boosting base stocks can include C28-C60 hydrocarbon materials, linear esters, tertiary amides, dialkyl carbonates, aromatic alcohols, and aromatic ethers. This disclosure also relates to lubricating oil formulations containing the CCSV-boosting base stocks, and a method for determining the CCSV-boosting efficacy of a base stock.

This disclosure relates to cold cranking simulator viscosity (CCSV) boosting base stocks that allow flexibility for engine oil formulations to meet both high and low temperature viscosity requirements while maximizing fuel efficiency. The CCSV-boosting base stocks can include C28-C60 hydrocarbon materials, linear esters, tertiary amides, dialkyl carbonates, aromatic alcohols, and aromatic ethers. This disclosure also relates to lubricating oil formulations containing the CCSV-boosting base stocks, and a method for improving fuel efficiency in an engine by using as engine oil a lubricating oil formulation containing one or more of the CCSV-boosting base stocks.

A particulate composite lubricant for powder metallurgy comprises: first discrete particles comprising at least about 90 wt % of a fatty primary monoamide wax, being substantially free of fatty bisamide wax, and being at least partially coated with metal oxide nanoparticles and second metal-stearate free discrete particles comprising a fatty bisamide wax. A particulate composite lubricant for powder metallurgy can comprise: a Montan acid ester wax and at least one fatty amide wax comprising at least one of a fatty monoamide wax and a fatty bisamide wax.

The present invention provides a steel wire rod having a lubricating coating film, which can achieve both workabilities such as wire drawability, spike property and ball ironing property, and corrosion resistance such as long-term rust prevention property; and a method for producing the same. Disclosed are a steel wire rod having a coating film containing no phosphorus, wherein the coating film includes a lower layer coating film composed of oxide and/or hydroxide of zirconium and having a film thickness of 1.0 to 200 nm, and an upper layer coating film containing silicon and tungsten, in order from a steel wire rod side, a mass ratio of tungsten/silicon being in a range of 1.3 to 18; and a method for producing the above steel wire rod, which includes bringing an aqueous chemical conversion treatment solution, which has a pH in a range of 2.5 to 5.0 and contains a water-soluble zirconium compound dissolved therein, into contact with a surface of a steel wire rod to form a lower layer coating film.

A carbon dioxide/co-fluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the co-fluid. Suitable co-fluids are selected from the class of alkoxylated carboxylic amides, wherein the amides are cyclic or non-cyclic. It has been discovered that N-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone and its homologs exhibit an advantageous property of a high rate of desorption at lower temperatures.

Provided are both a grease composition for an electric power steering device and an electric power steering device. The grease composition can keep a sufficiently low coefficient of friction in a sliding area between a steel and a resin over a long period, is less susceptible to being removed from the sliding area, does not cause break down of an oil film, and thus can minimize the occurrence of stick-slips. A grease composition for an electric power steering device, containing a synthetic hydrocarbon oil which exhibits a density of 0.75 to 0.95 g/cm.sup.3 at 15 C., a saturated aliphatic amide compound, boron nitride, a glycerin fatty acid partial ester, and a metal soap-based thickener; and an electric power steering device using the grease composition.

A carbon dioxide/co-fluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the co-fluid. Suitable co-fluids are selected from the class of alkoxylated carboxylic amides, wherein the amides are cyclic or non-cyclic. It has been discovered that N-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone and its homologs exhibit an advantageous property of a high rate of desorption at lower temperatures.

A lubricating oil additive composition including: (i) at least one first amide compound, and/or a salt thereof, the at least one first amide compound being a monoamide of at least one fatty acid (a1), and at least one amine compound (a2), the amine compound (a2) being an oligomer of at least one alkanolamine (a3) represented by the general formula (1); and (ii) at least one second amide compound having a structure such that an amino group and at least one hydroxy group of the alkanolamine (a3) are acylated with the fatty acid (a1):

##STR00001##

in the formula, n is 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is C1-4 linear chain alkylene or C3-10 branched chain alkylene having a main chain, the main chain having a carbon number of 2; and when n is 2, a plurality of R.sup.1's may be the same, and may be different from each other.

A lubricating oil composition including: (A) a lubricant base oil; (B1) a first amide compound, and/or a salt thereof, the first amide compound being a monoamide of a fatty acid (a1), and an amine compound (a2), the compound (a2) being an oligomer of an alkanolamine (a3) of the general formula (1); and (B2) a second amide compound having a structure such that an amino group and at least one hydroxy group of the alkanolamine (a3) are acylated with the fatty acid (a1), wherein the inequation (eq1) is satisfied:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}{M}_{B2}0.50M_{B1}& \left(\mathrm{eq}1\right)\end{array}$

in the inequation, M.sub.B1 and M.sub.B2 are a content of the first amide compound, and a content of the (B2) component (mass %), respectively,

##STR00001##

in the formula, n is 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is C1-4 linear chain alkylene or C3-10 branched chain alkylene having a C2 main chain; and a plurality of R.sup.1's may be same, and may be different from each other.