The invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a low viscosity base oil and a synergistic mixture of a functionalized ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, a poly(meth)acrylate polymer, and a metal-free anti-wear agent. The invention also provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine using such a lubricating composition.

A mixture of compounds, in which the mixture is a liquid at room temperature, represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 consists of a mixture of at least one unsaturated or branched hydrocarbon chain and at least one saturated or unbranched hydrocarbon chain, R.sup.2 is either a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon chain, and m and n are independently from 1 to 5, when used in a lubricating composition, being effective for friction and wear reduction, while providing improved protection against copper and lead corrosion in an engine.

Provided herein is a composition for treating aluminum containing surfaces, wherein the composition includes a reaction product of at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof and at least one fatty acid, wherein the molar ratio of the amino group/s of the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof and of the at least one fatty acid is 1.2:1 to 1:2, and wherein the at least one amine-functionalized organosilane and/or oligomer and/or polymer thereof is linked to the at least one fatty acid by at least one carboxylic acid/amine salt bond and/or at least one amide bond.

Provided are a lubricating oil composition having a high intermetallic friction coefficient and having excellent clutch anti-shudder performance of excellent initial clutch anti-shudder performance and a long clutch anti-shudder lifetime, and a lubrication method and a transmission using the lubricating oil composition. The lubricating oil composition contains an amide compound (A) having a specific structure, a metal-based detergent (B), and at least one phosphorus acid ester (C) selected from an acid phosphate ester and an acid phosphite ester; and the lubrication method and the transmission use the lubricating oil composition.

Certain citric esters and amides, and certain mixtures thereof, e.g., mixtures comprising citrate oligomers, exhibit excellent anti-wear activity in lubricants. Many of these compounds or mixtures of compounds also exhibit a high degree of anti-wear synergy in combination with zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates. The compounds of the invention are thus valuable tools that can allow one to reduce the amounts of zinc, and phosphates, that are used in the lubricant without sacrificing anti-wear performance.

Provided are a lubricating oil composition containing a component (A): a succinimide having an alkenyl group or an alkyl group, a component (B): a primary amine having a hydrocarbon group having 12 or more and 24 or less carbon atoms, a component (C): a fatty acid amide compound, and a component (D): an amide compound having a specific structure, and capable of satisfying both a high clutch capacity and a long anti-shudder lifetime; and a lubrication method and a transmission using the composition.

Novel friction reducing additives provide friction modification at a lower effective concentration when added to a motor oil base. A friction reducing motor oil composition may include motor oil base and a friction reducing additive having the structure of the general formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein: R.sub.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.5-C.sub.30 alkyl or alkenyl; R.sub.2 is H, or a straight or branched alkyl of C.sub.1-C.sub.10; R.sub.3 is H, or a straight or branched alkyl of C.sub.1-C.sub.10; P is 0 or C.sub.1; n is C.sub.1-C.sub.5; and m is C.sub.0-C.sub.5.

Novel friction reducing additives provide friction modification at a lower effective concentration when added to a motor oil base. A friction reducing motor oil composition may include motor oil base and a friction reducing additive having the structure of the general formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sub.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.5-C.sub.30 alkyl or alkenyl; R.sub.2 is H, or a straight or branched alkyl of C.sub.1-C.sub.10; R.sub.3 is H, or a straight or branched alkyl of C.sub.1-C.sub.10; P is 0 or C.sub.1; n is C.sub.1-C.sub.5; and m is C.sub.0-C.sub.5.

A composition of matter represented by the following formula:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 is an unsaturated or branched hydrocarbon chain, R.sup.2 is either a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon chain, and m and n are independently from 1 to 5, when used in a lubricating composition, being effective for friction and wear reduction, while providing improved protection against copper and lead corrosion in an engine.

The addition of mixed thio acid amide molybdenum dithiocarbamates to lubricant compositions comprising magnesium detergents and/or overbased magnesium detergents, e.g., overbased magnesium sulfonate, provides lubricant compositions that suppress Low Speed Pre-Ignition and possess excellent low friction characteristics. Furthermore, the addition of molybdenum based friction reducing additives, e.g., mixed thio acid amide molybdenum dithiocarbamates, in combination with one or more fatty acid 2-hydroxyalkylamides, to lubricant compositions comprising magnesium detergents or overbased magnesium detergents provides lubricant compositions that suppress Low Speed Pre-ignition and possess excellent low friction characteristics.