A lubricant composition comprises as a lubricant base, an oil soluble polyalkylene glycol suitable for use as a lubricant in an industrial oil, grease or metal working fluid; and an additive comprising (1) alkylated phenyl--naphthylamine; and (2) 2,2,4-trialkyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline.

The invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an amine or ammonia salt of a carboxylic acid compound where said carboxylic acid is characterized in that it is functionalized with a hydroxy-substituted aromatic moiety. The invention further relates to methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine by supplying the described lubricating composition to the internal combustion engine. The invention further relates to the use of the salt of the carboxylic acid compound as an antiwear agent or an antioxidant.

A dispersant includes the reaction product of an amine and at least one equivalent of glycidyl ether where the amine is selected from a group consisting of aminoethylpiperazine, bis(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amine, 4,4-methylenebiscyclohexylamine, m-xylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine and where the glycidyl ether has the structure (A), where R is selected from aromatic carbon chains, non-aromatic carbon chains and polyalkylene glycol groups. The dispersant is useful in a lubricant with a base oil for increasing soot dispersibility of the lubricant.

##STR00001##

A lubricant including an ionic liquid, which contains a conjugate acid (B.sup.+) and a conjugate base (X.sup.) and is aprotic, wherein the conjugate acid contains a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, and wherein an acid that is a source of the conjugate base has a pKa in water of 0 or less.

A lubricant including an ionic liquid, which includes a conjugate acid (B.sup.+) and a conjugate base (X.sup.), and is protic, wherein the conjugate acid includes a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 10 or more carbon atoms, and wherein the conjugate base is represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where n is an integer of from 0 to 6 in the general formula (1).

A grease composition, containing a base oil (A), a urea-based thickener (B), and melamine cyanurate (C). Particles containing the urea-based thickener (B) in the grease composition satisfy the following requirement (I): the particles have an area-based arithmetic average particle diameter of 2.0 m or less, as measured by a laser diffraction/scattering method.

Method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes supplying to the engine a fuel composition comprising a primary additive having a structure given by

##STR00001##

or a salt thereof. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, or hydroxyl group. R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently H, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ester, amide, ketone, ether, amino, or hydroxyl group or wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are part of a cyclic group. R.sub.5 is C.sub.1-C.sub.100 hydrocarbyl group, carboxyl group, ether, or hydroxyl group. Lastly, p is 0 to 2, n is 1 to 5, m is 0 to 2, and p+n+m is less than 6.

This disclosure is directed to a lubricant composition having improved compatibility with fluoropolymer seals. The lubricant composition includes a base oil and a sulfonate ester. The disclosure is also directed to an additive package for a lubricant composition that provides improved compatibility with fluoropolymer seals. The additive package includes the sulfonate ester. The disclosure is also directed to a method of improving compatibility of a lubricant composition with a fluoropolymer seal disposed in an internal combustion engine. The sulfonate ester improves the compatibility with fluoropolymer seals of the resultant lubricant composition.

A lubricant composition including an epoxide compound is disclosed. An additive package including the epoxide compound is also disclosed. The epoxide compound of the lubricant composition acts to improve compatibility of the lubricant composition with a fluoropolymer seal and improve the total base number of the lubricant composition.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.