Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain a primary low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising (i) an amino additive, (ii) an amine additive, (iii) a triazole additive, (iv) a benzamidinium additive, (v) a benzoxazole additive, or (vi) a NCX motif additive. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in spark-ignited engines using these compositions are also provided.

Disclosed is an internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition which comprises (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant-type olefin copolymer VI improver; and (c) a secondary hydrocarbylamine compound, a tertiary hydrocarbylamine compound, or combinations thereof. A method for reducing cam wear using same is also disclosed.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

Disclosed are metal cleaning formulations and methods of use. A formulation of the present teachings comprises one or more furoate esters such as ethyl 5-methyl-2-furoate and methyl 5-methyl-2-furoate. The formulations further comprise a base oil, which can be, for example, a naphthenic oil, a synthetic oil or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a formulation can further comprise a metal protection additive and a lubrication additive. A variety of base oils, metal protection additives, and lubrication additives are suitable for use in the present teachings. Formulations of the present teachings are especially useful for the cleaning of metal products such as firearms. The cleaning power of a formulation of the instant teachings can exceed that required for US Military Specifications.

A lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and a low-ash additive system including a low molecular weight amine with a Total Base Number of at least 150, and an N-substituted hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant. The low-ash additive system provides the lubricating composition with a significant boost in TBN without substantially lowering the flashpoint. The composition is particularly suited to use as a marine diesel engine lubricant.

Provided is an internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition which comprises a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; one or more oil soluble or oil dispersible organic acid anhydrides, said anhydride comprising at least one hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene moiety having from about 10 to about 400 carbon atoms; and an oil soluble or oil dispersible secondary hydrocarbylamine compound, a tertiary hydrocarbylamine compound, or combinations thereof. Also provided is a method for maintaining and/or increasing fresh oil TBN of a lubricating oil composition while at the same time improving seal performance in an internal combustion engine.

A lubricant base oil composed of an ester. The ester includes a component (A) derived from trimethylolpropane in a molar percentage A.sub.mol% of 25 to 42 mol %; components (B) derived from monovalent straight-chain saturated fatty acids each having a carbon number of 8 to 12 in a molar percentage B.sub.mol% of 33 to 55 mol %: and a component (C) derived from adipic acid in a molar ratio C.sub.mol% of 12 to 34 mol %. The components (B) include lauric acid in a molar percentage of 5 to 50 mol %, and (B.sub.COOH+C.sub.COOH)/A.sub.OH is 0.90 to 1.02. A.sub.OH represents a hydroxyl equivalent of the component (A), B.sub.COOH represents a carboxyl group equivalent of the components (B); and C.sub.COOH represents a carboxyl group equivalent of the component (C).

The invention addresses a problem of providing a lubricating oil composition for gas engines capable of suppressing viscosity increase while reducing a sulfated ash content and excellent in high-temperature detergency and base number retention. The lubricating oil composition is used for gas engines and contains a base oil (A), at least one ash-free additive (B) selected from an ash-free sulfur-based antioxidant (B1) and a hindered amine compound (B2), and a boronated imide-type dispersant (C), and satisfies the following requirements (X1) to (X3): Requirement (X1): the sulfated ash content is 0.2% by mass or less. Requirement (X2): the content of the ash-free additive (B) is 1.2% by mass or less based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, provided that in the case where the ash-free additive (B) contains the hindered amine compound (B2), the content of the hindered amine compound (B2) is less than 1.0% by mass based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition. Requirement (X3): the content of the boron atom derived from the boronated imide-type dispersant (C) is 200 ppm by mass or more based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.

Disclosed is a component-replaceable water ring vacuum pump in which inner components within a head unit may be disassembled and replaced without separation of the head unit from a main body, thus shortening an operation time and improving operation efficiency through prevention of leakage of an inner liquid during a replacement process. The water ring vacuum pump includes a main body provided with a shaft, a rotor rotated together with the shaft within the main body, a head unit coupled to both sides of the main body, a guide bearing provided within the head unit, and a mechanical seal configured to block inner gas. A bearing bracket to support the guide bearing is detachably fastened to one side of the head unit by a bolt, and an inner cap and an outer cap are assembled to the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing bracket by fixing bolts.