The invention is directed to a method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine by supplying to the sump a lubricant composition which contains an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless dispersant. The ashless dispersant may be selected from succinimide compounds prepared from aliphatic or aromatic amines.

A water-soluble quenching fluid composition prepared by blending: water, at least one kind selected from a polyoxyalkylene glycol and a derivative thereof (A), and an alkylene glycol ether (B), the polyoxyalkylene glycol or a derivative thereof (A) having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less, the alkylene glycol ether (B) having a solubility in 100 mL of water at 20° C. of 2.0 g/100 mL-H.sub.2O or less and a molecular weight per 1 mol of 1,000 g/mol or less.

In some embodiments, ethylene-propylene branched copolymers are synthesized with pyridyldiamido catalysts and a chain transfer agent, and their performance as viscosity modifiers in oil are detailed. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides for ethylene-propylene branched copolymers having a shear thinning onset of less than about 0.01 rad/s and an HTHS value of less than about 3.3. In some embodiments, the ethylene-propylene branched copolymer is used as a viscosity modifier in a lubricating composition and a fuel composition.

The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (Ia) or formula (Ib); ##STR00001##
wherein each W is independently selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I and (CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3; each Y is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, CY.sub.3, OCW.sub.3, O(CW.sub.2).sub.pCW.sub.3, OCW((CY.sub.2).sub.mCY.sub.3)CWCW.sub.2, (CW.sub.2).sub.pOH, polyalkylene glycol and polyolester; n is an integer from 2 to 49; m is an integer from 0 to 3; p is an integer from 0 to 9; the molecular weight average (M.sub.W) is ≤5500; and the polydispersity index is ≤1.45; compositions comprising these compounds and methods for their production.

The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting corrosion experienced during use of a base oil or lubricant by the addition of a polyester corrosion inhibitor. More especially, the polyester corrosion inhibitor is the reaction product of an alk(en)yl substituted succinic anhydride wherein the average number of succinic groups per alk(en)yl group is less than 3.0, and at least one polyol. There is also provided a composition comprising such a polyester corrosion inhibitor and use of such a composition as a corrosion inhibitor, as well as a base oil or lubricant comprising such a polyester corrosion inhibitor.

The present invention relates to hydrogenated linear copolymers comprising butadiene and isoprene monomer units, as well as the process for preparing these copolymers. The invention further relates to a lubricating oil composition comprising one or more hydrogenated linear copolymers according to the invention, as well as to the use of the aforementioned copolymers as a lubricant additive or a synthetic base fluid for lubricant compositions, especially in gear oils, transmission oils, hydraulic oils, engine oils, grease, marine oils or industrial lubricating oils.

A grease composition may contain a base oil (A) and a urea-based thickener (B). Particles containing the urea-based thickener (B) in the grease composition may satisfy requirement (I). The base oil (A) may be a mixed base oil containing a high-viscosity base oil (A1) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 250 mm.sup.2/s to 550 mm.sup.2/s, a low-viscosity base oil (A2) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 5.0 mm.sup.2/s to 110 mm.sup.2/s, and an ultra-high viscosity hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil (A3) having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 2,500 to 4,500 and a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 25,000 mm.sup.2/s to 50,000 mm.sup.2/s. The base oil (A) may have a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 25 mm.sup.2/s to 105 mm.sup.2/s and a viscosity index of 120 or more. Both low-temperature characteristics and a lubricating life can be achieved.

A constant velocity joint having a boot constructed from a thermoplastic polyether ester as the boot material. The boot includes a lubricating grease composition for lubricating the constant velocity joint, the lubricating grease composition comprising calcium lignin sulfonate.

A multi-grade lubricating oil including a (meth)acrylate polymer with at least two distinct molecular weight arms and a blend of heavier and lighter base oils with increased amounts of the heavier base oil to achieve SAE grade performance. The compositions herein achieve SAE certifications as lower CCS viscosities at target kinematic viscosities for multi-grade oils.

There is provided a fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following formula. R.sup.1—R.sup.2—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—OCH.sub.2CH(OH)CH.sub.2O—CH.sub.2—R.sup.3—CH.sub.2—R.sup.4—R.sup.5 (in the formula, R.sup.3 represents a perfluoropolyether chain; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 represent a divalent linking group having a polar group and may be the same or different from each other; R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 represent a terminal group bonded to an oxygen atom of R.sup.2 or R.sup.4 and may be the same or different from each other; and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 is an organic group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and at least one of hydrogens included in the organic group is substituted by a cyano group).