The disclosure relates to methods of operating transmissions and for providing bearing pitting protection and a passing static friction performance according to Caterpillar TO-4 SEQ 1221 in a transmission including lubricating the transmission with a transmission fluid composition comprising: greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity; an amount of one or more overbased calcium sulfonate detergent(s) to provide from about 2000 ppm to about 5000 ppm of calcium; an amount of one or more zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compound(s) to provide from about 700 ppm to about 1500 ppm of zinc; and an amount of one or more molybdenum-containing compound(s) to provide from about 5 ppmw to about 300 ppmw molybdenum, and the one or more molybdenum-containing compound(s) is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum dithiocarbamates, molybdenum phosphorodithioates, organomolybdenum complexes, molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates and mixtures thereof. The disclosure also relates to the compositions used in these methods.

Ethylene-C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha olefin copolymers, dispersants and lubricating oils/fuel compositions incorporating dispersants, and related methods are generally described herein. The copolymer may comprise ethylene-derived units and C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units. The C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units may have a carbon number from three to ten. For example, the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 alpha-olefin-derived units may be propylene-derived units.

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for two-wheeled vehicles, which is able to not only suppress a lowering of fatigue life of engine parts while making fuel saving properties (in particular, fuel saving properties at the time of low speed) favorable but also make clutch friction characteristics of two-wheeled vehicles favorable. The present invention is concerned with a lubricating oil composition for two-wheeled vehicles, including a base oil (A) having a viscosity index of 120 or more, an ethylene-propylene copolymer (B), and a metal-based detergent (C), wherein the content of the ethylene-propylene copolymer (B) is 0.30% by mass or more on the basis of the whole amount of the lubricating oil composition; the metal-based detergent (C) contains a calcium phenate (C1) and a calcium sulfonate (C2), and a mass ratio of the content (Ca.sub.1) of the calcium phenate (C1) as expressed in terms of a calcium atom to the content (Ca.sub.2) of the calcium sulfonate (C2) as expressed in terms of a calcium atom is satisfied with a relation of (1.0Ca.sub.1/Ca.sub.2); and the lubricating oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. is less than 9.3 mm.sup.2/s and an HTHS viscosity at 150 C. is 2.9 mPa.Math.s or more.

A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance, even in the presence of corrosion inhibitor additives. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

The invention provides a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and a (thio)phosphoric acid salt of an N-hydrocarbyl-substituted gamma- (-) or delta- (-)amino(thio)ester. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the lubricant composition.

The disclosure relates to a lubricating composition consisting essentially of a decarboxylated rosin acid (DCR), a base oil, and optional additives, and methods for using same. The decarboxylated rosin acid has a density of 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm3 at 20? C., a viscosity of 15 to 60 cSt at 40? C., and an acid value of <50 mg KOH/g. The lubricating compositions containing the DCR is characterized as having improved anti-wear and friction reducing properties, as well as improved electrical properties, and cooling performance for use in electric and hybrid vehicles. In embodiments, the lubricating composition exhibits a wear scar diameter of <350 ?m, according to ASTM D6079.

A two-phase structured lubricant includes a liquid component about 5% by weight (wt. %) to 95 wt. %, and a structural component about 5 wt. % to 95 wt. %. The structural component recrystallizes or solidifies around the liquid component.

A lubricant oil composition for automotive gears includes a lubricant base oil including a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 2.0 to 6.5 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index of not less than 105 and a pour point of not more than 10 C., and/or a synthetic oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 1.0 to 6.5 mm.sup.2/s, a viscosity index of not less than 120 and a pour point of not more than 30 C.; and an ethylene/-olefin copolymer having an ethylene content of 55 to 85 mol %, a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 10 to 200 mm.sup.2/s, a molecular weight distribution of not more than 2.2, and a melting point in the range of 30 C. to 60 C. The lubricant oil composition for automotive gears has a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of 4.0 to 9.0 mm.sup.2/s.

The present disclosure relates to lubricating compositions and, in particular, lubricating compositions suitable for motorcycle applications including select metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates to achieve low copper corrosion, good TBN retention, and good sulfur retention applicable to motorcycle engines and transmissions.

Disclosed is a lubricating oil composition for gear oil, comprising a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of 140 to 350 mm.sup.2/s, a copolymer of an -olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond, a performance additive containing phosphorus and sulfur, and a poly(meth)acrylate pour-point depressant.