Disclosed herein are methods and materials for editing genes in citrus cells. Specifically exemplified is the implementation of an optimized Cas9 and the CRISPR type II class nuclease. Also exemplified is the use of a U6-1 promoter for driving expressing of editing constructs in citrus cells. Various protocols and sequences for editing genes are disclosed as well.

According to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for culturing cells into which a reprogramming factor is introduced including culturing cells into which a reprogramming factor is introduced; and recovering all cells into which the reprogramming factor is introduced and seeding and passaging at least part of the recovered cells in a medium. In addition, there is provided a method for culturing cells into which a reprogramming factor is introduced, including culturing cells into which a reprogramming factor is introduced; and inducing somatic cells different from pluripotent stem cells without passaging the cells into which the reprogramming factor is introduced.

Described herein are cell culture media useful for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into microglia. The methods described herein relate to in vitro generation of expandable, bankable, microglial cells by directed differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (induced or embryonic). Using only defined cell culture media, differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is directed down a mesodermal path, in a rapid and scalable fashion, to generate cells adopting signatures of their in vivo counterparts, including gene expression, protein marker expression and functionality.

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for transforming soybean, corn, cotton, or canola explants using spectinomycin as a selective agent for transformation of the explants. The method may further comprise treatment of the explants with cytokinin during the transformation and regeneration process.

The present invention relates to excision of explant material comprising meristematic tissue from seeds, and storage of such material prior to subsequent use in plant tissue culture and genetic transformation. Methods for tissue preparation, storage, and transformation are disclosed, as is transformable meristem tissue produced by such methods, and apparati for tissue preparation.

The present invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and particularly relates to a Euglena culture medium and an application thereof. The Euglena culture medium includes the following components: NH.sub.4Cl, KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, MgSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O, CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O, Na.sub.2EDTA.2H.sub.2O, Fe.sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.3, CuSO.sub.4.5H.sub.2O, ZnSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2O, Co.(NH.sub.3).H.sub.2O, MnCl.sub.2.4H.sub.2O, vitamin B.sub.1 and vitamin B.sub.12. The pH is adjusted based on the Euglena culture medium of the present invention to achieve the purpose of preconcentrating Euglena cells. In the present invention, the Euglena cells are less ruptured, which improves the concentration efficiency of Euglena cells and reduces the treatment cost.

Provided herein are enzymatically decellularized cells, and methods of producing said cells, that can be used in a scaffold. The scaffolds featured herein are biocompatible and can comprise decellularized cells that have been modified to express a bioactive agent or molecule.

The present disclosure relates to a culture medium having an agar gel forming by at least one plant growth nutrient, agar powder and water, wherein the agar gel is 100 wt %. A culture medium manufacturing method, a culture medium structure and a culture medium structure usage method are also illustrated in the present disclosure. The culture medium structure has a culture medium of the above culture medium, a seeding board for receiving the culture medium layer, wherein the seeding board has a hollow body which has a top hole, a bottom hole opposite to the top hole and a top base disposed on a top peripheral of the hollow body, and the hollow body and the top base are integrally formed. Via the culture medium of the solid agar gel having the plant growth nutrient, growth health and quality of crops are enhanced.

A method for culturing ginseng cell with high content of ginsenoside, including inducing ginseng cell line: after disinfected and sliced, ultrasonically treating old mountain ginseng, and culturing the old mountain ginseng in a culture medium; screening the ginseng cell line: choosing a variety of culture mediums and using hormones for cell separation and culture, selecting cell lines with better growth morphology and faster growth, and performing solid subculture and liquid suspension culture; optimizing conversion conditions: using acids to treat the chosen cell lines, and controlling the transformation temperature and transformation time, detecting ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 in the dried products, determining an optimal transformation condition according to the highest total amount; large-scale industrial production: according to the optimal transformation condition, performing the liquid suspension culture of the selected cell lines and scaling up the scale of culture to obtain large-scale industrial production of ginseng cell products.

The present application describes a large scale process for the in vitro production of an olive cell culture.

The application further describes a composition in a form of a powder comprising olive fruit/leaf cells grown in vitro and a method of treating metabolic syndrome disorders, such as, high cholesterol level, comprising administering an effective amount of the composition. The cell line callus culture of olive cells manufactured according to the process of the invention includes high level of hydroxytyrosoll, tyrosol, oleoropein and verbascoside.